面孔分类时的年龄效应及其影响因素的研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 16:57

【摘要】：面孔的分类识别是人类进化过程中发展起来的重要能力,对人类的生活有深远的影响。面孔年龄是面孔识别的一个重要指标。研究发现,在对面孔进行识别时会出现年龄效应。年龄效应包括同龄效应和异龄效应。同龄效应是指,在对面孔进行再认时,人们对同龄面孔的再认成绩要好于异龄面孔;异龄效应又叫异龄分类优势,指的是在对面孔进行分类时候,人们对于异龄面孔的分类速度要快于同龄面孔。先前研究中对于异龄效应的研究较少,而对同龄效应已经有了比较充分的论证。因此对于异龄效应及其影响因素的研究可以充实年龄效应的理论范畴,在实践生活中,也可以利用相关研究结果避免错误和尴尬。作为年龄效应不可分割的两个方面,同龄效应和异龄效应的关系并没有得到相关解释。先前研究表明对同龄面孔的整体性加工是导致再认成绩的关键因素,那么加工方式的不同如何影响人们对于不同年龄面孔分类,且不同加工方式之间是否存在一定的关系需要进一步研究。同时在对面孔情绪的研究中发现,人们对优先加工负性情绪信息而抑制对其他信息的加工,那么面孔分类时的年龄效应和面孔情绪之间是否存在一定的关系也是探究的重点。为了探究面孔分类时的年龄效应及其相关影响因素,本次研究设计三个实验。实验一运用分类—再认范式探究同龄效应及异龄分类优势,以及两者之间的关系;实验二运用模糊—打乱范式通过分离面孔信息探究面孔分类时的加工方式,及其对年龄效应的影响;实验三加入中性、积极、消极三种面孔情绪,探究面孔情绪对面孔分类年龄效应的影响。实验结果表明:(1)在对不同年龄面孔分类时,表现出了异龄效应,且更长的分类时间不能决定更好的再认成绩;(2)不同面孔年龄间都存在模糊—打乱效应,说明面孔分类时既进行了整体性加工又进行了分析性加工,且整体性加工占主要地位;(3)面孔的年龄效应会受到面孔情绪的影响,消极面孔抑制了面孔分类的异龄优势效应。
[Abstract]:The classification and recognition of faces is an important ability developed in the course of human evolution, which has a profound impact on human life. Face age is an important indicator of face recognition. The age effect was found in face recognition. The age effect includes the age effect and the age effect. The same age effect means that the recognition of faces of the same age is better than that of faces of different ages. The age effect is also called the advantage of age classification, which means that people classify faces of different ages faster than faces of the same age when classifying faces. There are few studies on the age effect in previous studies, but there has been sufficient evidence for the same age effect. Therefore, the study of the age effect and its influencing factors can enrich the theoretical category of age effect, and in practice, we can also use the relevant research results to avoid errors and embarrassment. As two inseparable aspects of the age effect, the relationship between the age effect and the age effect has not been explained. Previous studies have shown that holistic processing of faces of the same age is a key factor leading to recognition, so how do different processing methods affect people's classification of faces of different ages, And whether there is a certain relationship between different processing methods needs further study. At the same time, in the study of facial emotion, we find that people preferentially process negative emotional information and suppress the processing of other information, so whether there is a certain relationship between age effect and facial emotion in face classification is also the focus of this study. In order to investigate the age effect of face classification and its related factors, three experiments were designed. Experiment 1 uses classification-recognition paradigm to explore the advantage of age effect and age difference, and the relationship between them. In experiment two, the fuzzy-disruption paradigm was used to explore the processing mode of face classification and its influence on age effect by separating face information. In the third experiment, neutral, positive and negative facial emotions were added to explore the influence of facial emotion on the age effect of face classification. The experimental results show that: (1) in the classification of faces of different ages, there is a different age effect, and the longer classification time can not determine the better recognition scores; (2) the fuzzy-disruption effect exists in different face ages, which shows that face classification is processed both integrally and analytically, and holistic processing is the main process. (3) the age effect of face is influenced by facial emotion, and negative face inhibits the heterogeneity effect of face classification.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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