具身概念表征视域下权力隐喻加工的ERP研究

发布时间：2018-12-15 22:24

【摘要】：概念表征的具身理论认为，概念表征与知觉运动系统具有共同的神经基础，概念加工的基本形式则是身体经验的模拟与还原。权力,作为一种抽象概念也是具有身体性基础的，，而隐喻则是权力抽象概念与身体知觉经验建立联结的桥梁。人们日常生活中通常会用“上”和“下”垂直空间概念来描述权力，但以往研究大多都是从语言学角度出发,从大量语料中证实了权力垂直空间隐喻的存在，很少从认知心理学角度对此进行实证研究。本研究梳理了国内外有关权力概念表征的相关研究，采用空间Stroop范式和空间注意定向范式对权力概念表征的自动激活、跨文化差异以及神经机制进行了综合评述。实验一使用空间Stroop范式探讨了垂直空间位置对权力评估的影响。实验中，要求被试对出现在屏幕上方或者下方的权力词进行判断评估。结果显示，代表高权力的词出现在屏幕上方比出现在屏幕下方时，被试的反应时明显缩短；代表低权力的词出现在屏幕上方比出现在屏幕下方时，被试的反应时延迟。ERP结果显示，当权力词隐喻的空间特性与目标物出现的位置一致时诱发出一个更大的N100波幅，不一致时诱发出一个更大的P100波幅、P300波幅、P450波幅、P550波幅和SP波幅。该结果提示，空间位置关系在早期知觉加工阶段和后期反应选择阶段都可以影响人们对权力词的判断评估，权力概念的启动加工会自动激活权力词暗含的上-下空间意向图示。实验二采用空间注意定向范式探讨了在思考权力抽象概念时是否可以自动激活空间上-下意向图示，并将空间注意指向了与意向图示相一致的位置。实验中，首先要求被试判断出现在屏幕中央的权力词代表的是高权力还是低权力，接着在屏幕的上方或者下方呈现一个目标字母（“m”或“n”），要求被试对该字母进行识别反应。结果显示当权力词隐喻的空间特性与目标物出现的位置一致时诱发了一个更大的N100波幅，不一致时诱发了一个更大的P100波幅和P300波幅。这些结果说明了在思考权力概念时，被试将注意转移到了与意向图示相一致的位置，并且对权力词语的知觉影响了随后的位置判断任务。综上所述，权力概念表征的研究证实了实验假设。主体是以感知运动经验对权力抽象概念进行体验式表征与加工的，在思考权力抽象概念时可以自动激活空间上-下意向图示，并将空间注意指向了与意向图示相一致的位置。本研究从理论上加深了我们对权力概念表征方式的理解，揭示了权力意识和官本位思想的神经机制。这些发现不但丰富了概念表征的具身理论，而且有助于儿童今后对概念的学习。
[Abstract]:The body theory of conceptual representation holds that conceptual representation and perceptual motor system share the same neural basis, and the basic form of conceptual processing is the simulation and reduction of physical experience. Power, as an abstract concept, also has a physical basis, and metaphor is a bridge between the abstract concept of power and the experience of body perception. People usually use the concepts of "upper" and "lower" vertical space to describe power in their daily life. However, most of the previous studies have proved the existence of metaphor in power vertical space from the perspective of linguistics. There is little empirical research on this from the perspective of cognitive psychology. This study combs the relevant researches on power conceptual representation at home and abroad, and makes a comprehensive review of the automatic activation, cross-cultural differences and neural mechanism of power conceptual representation by using spatial Stroop paradigm and spatial attention orientation paradigm. Experiment 1 uses spatial Stroop paradigm to explore the influence of vertical spatial position on power evaluation. In the experiment, subjects were asked to evaluate the power words that appeared above or below the screen. The results showed that the reaction time of the subjects was significantly shorter when the words representing high power appeared at the top of the screen than at the bottom of the screen. The reaction time of the subjects was delayed when the words of low power appeared at the top of the screen than at the bottom of the screen. ERP results showed that a larger amplitude of N100 was induced when the spatial characteristics of the power word metaphor were consistent with the location of the object. A larger P100, P300, P450, P550 and SP amplitudes were induced when inconsistent. The results suggest that spatial position relationship can affect the judgment and evaluation of power words in the early stage of perceptual processing and in the later stage of reaction selection, and the concept of power and the union automatically activate the upper and lower spatial intention diagrams implied by the power words. In experiment 2, the spatial attention orientation paradigm is used to explore whether the spatial intention icon can be automatically activated when thinking about the concept of power abstraction, and the spatial attention is pointed to the position consistent with the intention diagram. In the experiment, the subjects were first asked to determine whether the power words appearing in the center of the screen represented high or low power, and then a target letter ("m" or "n") was displayed at the top or bottom of the screen. The subjects were asked to recognize the letter. The results show that a larger N100 amplitude is induced when the spatial characteristics of power metaphor are consistent with the location of the object, and a larger P100 amplitude and P300 amplitude are induced when the power word metaphor is inconsistent. These results show that when thinking about the concept of power, the participants shifted their attention to a position consistent with the intention diagram, and the perception of the power words affected the subsequent task of position judgment. To sum up, the study of power conceptual representation confirms the experimental hypothesis. The subject represents and processes the abstract concept of power by perceptual motion experience. When thinking about the abstract concept of power, it can automatically activate the spatial representation of the upper-lower intention, and point the spatial attention to the position consistent with the schematic representation of intention. This study theoretically deepens our understanding of the representation of the concept of power and reveals the neural mechanism of power consciousness and officialdom. These findings not only enrich the physical theory of conceptual representation, but also contribute to children's learning of concepts in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】