流动儿童心理韧性的问卷编制和现状分析

发布时间：2019-02-14 16:29

【摘要】：流动儿童近年来已逐步成为热点问题，笔者认为影响流动儿童适应性和身心健康的主要因素是心理韧性。而心理韧性(resilience)也一直是热点课题。虽然国内外已有很多心理韧性的测量工具,但在流动儿童群体中的适用性未得到支持。本研究基于心理韧性的过程模型,通过访谈法开发适合我国流动儿童群体的心理韧性测量工具。通过访谈24名成绩前5、担任班干的优秀流动儿童,初步提炼出个人力问卷69题、社会支持问卷31题，共100个题目,在235名流动儿童中初测,通过项目鉴别度分析和探索性因素分析,个人力问卷保留了18个题目,包含失败中成长、目标与追求、积极认知和人际和谐四个因子, α为0.91；社会支持保留了24个题目，包含教师支持、家庭支持和朋友支持三个因子,克隆巴赫α系数为0.94。复测样本包含311名流动儿童,验证性因素分析支持了量表的结构效度。以甘怡群编制的青少年心理韧性量表做关联效标,皮尔逊相关分别为0.54，同时表明效度较为理想。现状分析表明：（1）探索出来的问卷维度的变化体现了流动儿童心理韧性保护性因素的独特性，表明编制流动儿童心理韧性量表是必要的。 (2）流动儿童的心理韧性处于中等水平，个人力均分高于社会支持，其中人际和谐得分最高，目标与追求其次，积极认知再次，失败中成长得分最低。社会支持中朋友支持略高于教师支持，家庭支持最次。（3）流动儿童在心理韧性的得分上存在着性别差异，女性高于男性。（4）流动儿童在心理韧性的得分上存在着成绩差异，成绩越好，，心理韧性得分越高。（5）流动儿童在心理韧性的得分上存在着班干差异，班干高于非班干。文章最后讨论了流动儿童心理韧性因素研究的教育启示。
[Abstract]:Migrant children have gradually become a hot issue in recent years. The author thinks that the main factor affecting the adaptability and physical and mental health of migrant children is psychological resilience. Mental toughness (resilience) has also been a hot topic. Although there are many tools for measuring psychological toughness at home and abroad, their applicability in floating children is not supported. Based on the process model of psychological resilience, a tool for measuring psychological toughness of floating children in China was developed by interview. Through interviews with 24 excellent floating children who were in the top 5 grades, a 69 manpower questionnaire and 31 social support questionnaires were preliminarily extracted for the first time among 235 floating children. Through item identification analysis and exploratory factor analysis, 18 subjects were retained in the personal ability questionnaire, including four factors: growth in failure, goal and pursuit, positive cognition and interpersonal harmony, 伪 = 0.91. Social support retained 24 topics, including teacher support, family support and friend support three factors, Clombach 伪 coefficient of 0. 94. The repeated sample consisted of 311 floating children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the structural validity of the scale. The Pearson correlation was 0.54 using the mental toughness scale developed by Gan Yi-qun as the correlation criterion, which indicated that the validity was ideal. The analysis shows that: (1) the change of questionnaire dimension reflects the uniqueness of the protective factors of psychological toughness of floating children, which indicates that it is necessary to compile the scale of psychological resilience of floating children. (2) the psychological toughness of floating children was in the middle level, and the average score of individual strength was higher than that of social support, among which interpersonal harmony score was the highest, goal and pursuit was the second, positive cognition was again, and growth score in failure was the lowest. In social support, the support of friends was slightly higher than that of teachers, and the support of family was the worst. (3) there was gender difference in the scores of psychological resilience of floating children, and female was higher than male. (4) there were differences in scores of mental toughness among floating children. The better the score, the higher the score of mental toughness. (5) there was a difference in the scores of mental toughness among the floating children, which was higher in the class than in the non-class. Finally, the article discusses the educational implications of the study on the psychological resilience factors of floating children.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.1

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