不道德情景中弱势者道德优势效应及其影响因素
发布时间：2019-02-22 18:26
【摘要】：在现代信息发达的社会中，我们往往能在第一时间通过多种信息渠道了解全国的热点事件。我们发现，人们一般对涉及社会明星、富豪及权贵等高社会地位人群的负面新闻的讨论比一般群众的负面新闻更加激烈，谴责的舆论更加强烈，并且有两个不同社会地位参与的冲突事件（如城管与小贩）中。人们往往第一时间会认为是强势者一方在欺压弱势者一方，将事件的罪魁祸首归结为强势者一方。有关弱势者效应的研究表明，弱者的身份会带来更多的社会支持，但是有关这种支持效应的研究并未延伸到负性的社会事件中，尤其是对弱者负性行为的道德判断。虽然社会道德准则是固定的，但是人自身的道德标准是变化的，受多种因素的影响，对弱势者的支持与同情会不会影响对其不道德行为的道德判断？比起高地位人群，弱势者的不道德是否更容易受到宽恕，拥有更多的不道德行为许可？ 本研究在弱势者效应的研究基础上，以不道德事件为情境，进一步研究弱势者在社会负性事件中的道德优势效应及影响因素。首先研究一材料设计了两种不同的情境，被试要求在阅读完材料后对行为的不道德程度及其事后报复动机上进行打分，在道德认知与宽恕行为倾向上探讨弱势者与强势者之间的差异。研究二主要探讨影响弱势者道德优势的因素，研究分为两个子实验，实验一探讨行为指向性对弱势者道德优势的影响，从现实情境出发，，研究当社会个体自身处于道德情境时的道德行为表现；实验二中材料更多突出情境压力，探讨行为动机对人们道德决策的影响。研究结果表明： （1）社会弱势者在类似恶性竞争的负性社会事件中往往容易第一时间受到人们的支持偏向，我们称之为弱势者效应，即使在明确做出不道德行为情况下，对社会弱势者行为的道德谴责也更轻，更容易被宽恕，即为弱势者存在道德上的优势效应。 （2）弱势者的道德优势效应受行为指向性影响，不关乎自己的利益时，人们会无条件支持弱势者，并容易宽恕其行为；但一旦关乎自己利益时，人们会像谴责强势者那样谴责弱者的行为，并且不容易受到当事者宽恕。 （3）行为动机影响弱势者道德优势现象，动机能使弱势者与强势者发生身份转换，一旦让人们感受到弱势者的行为是恶意的，弱势者会被看作强势者一方，弱势者的道德优势效应消失；如果人们感受到强势者的行为动机时无害的或是被迫的，人们对其行为同样有道德上的宽恕。
[Abstract]:In the modern information-developed society, we can often know the hot events of the whole country through various information channels at the first time. We found that people generally discuss negative news about high social status groups such as social stars, rich and powerful people more intensely than the general public, and denounce the public opinion more strongly. And there are two conflict events involving different social status (such as chengguan and hawkers). The first time people tend to think that the strong are bullying the weak, the culprit is the stronger. The research about the weak person effect shows that the weak person's identity will bring more social support, but the research about this kind of support effect does not extend to the negative social event, especially the moral judgment of the weak person's negative sexual behavior. Although the social moral norms are fixed, but the moral standards of people themselves are changed, affected by a variety of factors, support and sympathy for the disadvantaged will affect their immoral behavior of moral judgment? Are vulnerable people more likely to be forgiven for immorality and have more permission for immoral behaviour than for high-status people? On the basis of the study of the effect of the vulnerable, this study takes the immoral event as the situation, and further studies the moral superiority effect and the influencing factors of the vulnerable in the negative social events. First of all, two different situations were designed for a material. The subjects were asked to rate the immorality of their behavior and their motivation for retaliation after reading the material. To explore the differences between the weak and the strong in moral cognition and forgiving behavior tendency. The second study mainly discusses the factors that affect the moral advantage of the vulnerable. The study is divided into two sub-experiments. Experiment one is to explore the influence of behavioral orientation on the moral advantage of the vulnerable, starting from the actual situation. To study the behavior of moral behavior when the social individual is in the moral situation; In the second experiment, more materials highlighted situational stress and discussed the influence of behavior motivation on people's moral decision. The results show that: (1) in negative social events such as vicious competition, the socially vulnerable tend to be easily biased by people's support in the first place, which we call the "vulnerable person effect". Even in the case of explicit immoral behavior, the moral condemnation of the socially disadvantaged is lighter and easier to be forgiven, that is to say, there is a moral advantage effect for the disadvantaged. (2) the moral advantage effect of the vulnerable people is influenced by the behavior orientation, when it is not related to their own interests, people will unconditionally support the vulnerable people, and easy to forgive their behavior; But when it comes to their own interests, people denounce the weak as strongly as they do, and are less likely to be pardoned. (3) the behavior motive affects the weak person's moral superiority phenomenon, the motive can make the weak person and the strong person to have the identity conversion, once makes the people feel that the weak person's behavior is malicious, the weak person will be regarded as the strong person side; The moral advantage effect of the weak disappeared; If people feel the motivations of the powerful are harmless or forced, they also have moral forgiveness for their actions.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2428489
[Abstract]:In the modern information-developed society, we can often know the hot events of the whole country through various information channels at the first time. We found that people generally discuss negative news about high social status groups such as social stars, rich and powerful people more intensely than the general public, and denounce the public opinion more strongly. And there are two conflict events involving different social status (such as chengguan and hawkers). The first time people tend to think that the strong are bullying the weak, the culprit is the stronger. The research about the weak person effect shows that the weak person's identity will bring more social support, but the research about this kind of support effect does not extend to the negative social event, especially the moral judgment of the weak person's negative sexual behavior. Although the social moral norms are fixed, but the moral standards of people themselves are changed, affected by a variety of factors, support and sympathy for the disadvantaged will affect their immoral behavior of moral judgment? Are vulnerable people more likely to be forgiven for immorality and have more permission for immoral behaviour than for high-status people? On the basis of the study of the effect of the vulnerable, this study takes the immoral event as the situation, and further studies the moral superiority effect and the influencing factors of the vulnerable in the negative social events. First of all, two different situations were designed for a material. The subjects were asked to rate the immorality of their behavior and their motivation for retaliation after reading the material. To explore the differences between the weak and the strong in moral cognition and forgiving behavior tendency. The second study mainly discusses the factors that affect the moral advantage of the vulnerable. The study is divided into two sub-experiments. Experiment one is to explore the influence of behavioral orientation on the moral advantage of the vulnerable, starting from the actual situation. To study the behavior of moral behavior when the social individual is in the moral situation; In the second experiment, more materials highlighted situational stress and discussed the influence of behavior motivation on people's moral decision. The results show that: (1) in negative social events such as vicious competition, the socially vulnerable tend to be easily biased by people's support in the first place, which we call the "vulnerable person effect". Even in the case of explicit immoral behavior, the moral condemnation of the socially disadvantaged is lighter and easier to be forgiven, that is to say, there is a moral advantage effect for the disadvantaged. (2) the moral advantage effect of the vulnerable people is influenced by the behavior orientation, when it is not related to their own interests, people will unconditionally support the vulnerable people, and easy to forgive their behavior; But when it comes to their own interests, people denounce the weak as strongly as they do, and are less likely to be pardoned. (3) the behavior motive affects the weak person's moral superiority phenomenon, the motive can make the weak person and the strong person to have the identity conversion, once makes the people feel that the weak person's behavior is malicious, the weak person will be regarded as the strong person side; The moral advantage effect of the weak disappeared; If people feel the motivations of the powerful are harmless or forced, they also have moral forgiveness for their actions.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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