不同弹性受心理虐待儿童的社会关系认知

发布时间：2019-02-23 09:21

【摘要】：逆境是一种人生的考验，有人在逆境中沉沦，但也有人在逆境中重生。心理弹性（Resilience）是个体经历逆境仍能积极适应、维持或恢复心理健康的能力，，也是个体在逆境下调动积极因素应对危机的动态过程。儿童期的经历可能影响成年后的身心状态，家庭是儿童成长的首要环境，儿童心理虐待（Psychological Maltreatment）一方面涉及照顾者的不利抚养行为，另一方面则强调不利行为对儿童身心发展的不良结果。本文以社会关系认知为切入点，聚焦受心理虐待儿童的心理弹性问题，良好的社会支持系统和儿童积极的社会关系认知是受心理虐待儿童的保护因素。关注受心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展，对其往后的社会适应和职业成就具有预见性意义，也是及早对其进行心理干预的重要依据。本研究结合问卷法和实验法，研究四到六年级不同弹性受心理虐待儿童的社会关系认知特点。首先，利用多信源汇聚操作甄别法，研究611名被试了解心理虐待呈阳性儿童的心理弹性，包括对发展功能的各项综合指标进行评估，筛选出心理弹性儿童和缺乏心理弹性儿童，作为进一步实验的被试。其次，采用组间设计对受心理虐待弹性组合缺乏弹性组的儿童共88名进行单类内隐联想测验，探讨儿童对父母的内隐态度，区分高弹性儿童和缺乏弹性儿童在心理虐待处境下对父母的内隐态度的差异性。再次，通过假设情境法等考察受心理虐待儿童对师生、同伴关系的认知。最后，儿童对亲子关系、师生关系和同伴关系的认知决定了其社会支持系统的质量，如果良好的社会支持可以预测儿童良好的综合发展功能，则说明良好的社会支持及儿童对社会关系的认可对降低心理虐待的伤害具有积极意义。研究得出以下结论：（1）611名被试中，297人心理虐待呈阳性，占48.6%。受心理虐待的心理弹性儿童144人（占49.7%），缺乏心理弹性者146人（占50.3%），两者人数分布差异并不显著。（2）心理弹性儿童和缺乏心理弹性儿童分布的性别差异显著，受心理虐待的情况下，心理弹性的男性显著多于女性。（3）受心理虐待弹性儿童对亲子关系的内隐态度比缺乏心理弹性的儿童更为积极，这种内隐态度与儿童的综合发展功能呈显著正相关，说明积极的亲子关系是儿童受心理虐待重要的保护性因素之一。（4）心理虐待弹性儿童在三类社会关系背景下情感维度的认可度均高于缺乏弹性组儿童；在不同假设情境下，心理虐待弹性儿童比缺乏弹性儿童更倾向于向老师、同学或朋友倾诉自己的遭遇，或请求帮助。（5）积极的师生、同伴关系和支持寻求与受心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展存在显著正相关，同伴关系和支持寻求能有效预测受心理虐待儿童心理弹性的发展。
[Abstract]:Adversity is the test of life. Some people sink in adversity, but others are reborn in adversity. (Resilience) is not only the ability of individuals to adapt to adversity, maintain or restore their mental health, but also the dynamic process of mobilizing positive factors to cope with crisis. Childhood experiences may affect the state of mind and body in adulthood, and the family is the primary environment for children to grow up. Child psychological abuse (Psychological Maltreatment) involves the adverse upbringing behavior of caregivers on the one hand, On the other hand, it emphasizes the adverse effects of adverse behaviors on children's physical and mental development. This paper focuses on the psychological elasticity of abused children. The good social support system and children's positive social relationship cognition are the protective factors of psychologically abused children. Paying attention to the development of psychological elasticity of children suffering from psychological abuse is of predictive significance to their social adaptation and professional achievement in the future, and is also an important basis for early psychological intervention. In this study, the cognitive characteristics of social relations of children with different levels of psychological abuse were studied by questionnaire and experiment. First of all, 611 subjects were studied to understand the psychological resilience of children with positive psychological abuse, including the evaluation of the comprehensive indicators of their developmental function, and to screen out the children with psychological resilience and lack of psychological resilience by using the multi-source convergence operation screening method. As subjects for further experiments. Secondly, 88 children in the inflexible group who were subjected to psychological abuse were tested with a single-class implicit association test by intergroup design to explore the implicit attitude towards their parents. The difference of implicit attitude towards parents between high elastic children and inflexible children under the condition of psychological abuse. Thirdly, the cognition of teachers and students and peer relationship of abused children was investigated by hypothetical situational method. Finally, children's cognition of parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and peer relationship determines the quality of their social support system. It shows that good social support and children's recognition of social relations have positive significance in reducing the harm of psychological abuse. The conclusions are as follows: (1) 297 of 611 subjects were positive for psychological abuse, accounting for 48.6%. 144 (49.7%) children were mentally abused and 146 (50.3%) were lack of mental resilience. There was no significant difference in the distribution between the two groups. (2) there were significant gender differences in the distribution of children with mental resilience and lack of psychological resilience, and in the case of psychological abuse, (3) the implicit attitude towards parent-child relationship was more active in children with psychological abuse than that in children with lack of psychological flexibility, and the implicit attitude was positively related to the comprehensive development function of children. It shows that positive parent-child relationship is one of the important protective factors for children suffering from psychological abuse. (4) the recognition degree of emotional dimension of psychological abuse elastic children is higher than that of inelastic children under the background of three kinds of social relations; In different hypothetical situations, resilient children are more likely to talk about their experiences to teachers, classmates or friends than inflexible children, or ask for help. (5) active teachers and students, Peer relationship and support seeking were positively correlated with the development of psychological resilience of abused children. Peer relationship and support seeking could effectively predict the development of psychological resilience of abused children.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842

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