城市居民利他态度调查研究

发布时间：2019-02-23 18:36

【摘要】：利他是一种亲社会行为,与社会对亲社会行为的高期望相比,城市居民的利他态度水平似乎有所下降。提高利他态度水平有助于增加社会中的利他行为,这不仅有利于个体社会化的发展,更有利于社会和谐进步。目的:了解城市居民利他态度现状,探索利他态度的影响因素,并在此基础上提出相应的建议。方法:采用自编问卷《城市居民利他态度问卷》对1283名被试进行调查。自编问卷分为四个维度:利他认知(9项),信度α系数为0.786;利他意愿(5项),信度α系数为0.772;利他行为(4项),信度α系数为0.664;利他情感(4项),信度α系数为0.687。经检验,该问卷具有较好的信度和效度。采用访谈法对问卷结果进行验证和补充。结果:1、城市居民利他态度总均分达到4.12(5点计分),各维度均大于平均分3分,按平均分大小排序依次为利他认知(4.50)利他情感(4.15)利他意愿(3.76)利他行为(3.71)。2、城市居民的利他态度在性别、年龄、是否参与过献血、是否得到过陌生人帮助、经济状况、政治面貌、心情愉悦度及职业群体等人口统计学变量上存在显著差异;而在文化程度、是否有救护证、是否有过助人经历以及是否有宗教信仰四个变量上存在部分显著差异。3、通过访谈分析发现,在常见的利他情境中,民众的利他态度水平较高,但面对需要付出较大代价的利他情境时,人们往往会谨慎行事,实际利他水平低于预期水平。结论:1、自编的《城市居民利他态度问卷》具有良好的信、效度,适用于城市居民群体利他态度的测查。2、城市居民的利他态度处于较高水平,即人们对利他的认知较为积极,且较容易产生利他行为。3、城市居民利他态度受性别、年龄、献血经历、被帮助经历、经济状况、政治面貌、心情愉悦度、职业群体及求助者的特征等因素影响。利他行为不仅受利他态度影响,还受利他情境、利他者的人格、认知、能力及大众传媒影响。
[Abstract]:Altruism is a kind of prosocial behavior. Raising altruistic attitude is helpful to increase altruistic behavior in society, which is not only conducive to the development of individual socialization, but also conducive to social harmony and progress. Aim: to understand the status quo of altruistic attitude of urban residents, explore the influencing factors of altruistic attitude, and put forward corresponding suggestions on this basis. Methods: 1283 subjects were investigated with the self-made questionnaire of altruistic attitude of urban residents. The questionnaire was divided into four dimensions: altruistic cognition (9 items), reliability 伪 coefficient (0.786), altruistic intention (5 items), reliability 伪 coefficient (0.772), altruistic behavior (4 items), reliability 伪 coefficient (0.664), altruistic intention (5 items) and altruistic behavior (4 items). Altruistic emotion (4 items), reliability 伪 coefficient was 0.687. The questionnaire has good reliability and validity. The results of the questionnaire were verified and supplemented by interview. Results: 1, the total mean score of altruistic attitude of urban residents was 4.12 (5-point score), and all dimensions were larger than the average score of 3 points. The order of altruistic cognition (4.50), altruistic emotion (4.15), altruistic intention (3.76) altruistic behavior (3.71). 2. There are significant differences in demographic variables such as the help of strangers, economic situation, political appearance, mood pleasure and occupational groups. However, there are some significant differences among the four variables in terms of education level, whether there are ambulance certificates, whether or not there are experiences of helping people and whether there are religious beliefs. 3. Through the analysis of interviews, it is found that in common altruistic situations, there are significant differences between the four variables. The altruistic attitude of the public is high, but when faced with altruistic situations that need to pay a higher price, people tend to act cautiously and the actual altruistic level is lower than expected. Conclusion: 1. The questionnaire of altruistic attitude of urban residents has good reliability and validity, which is suitable for the survey of altruistic attitude of urban residents. 2. The altruistic attitude of urban residents is at a high level. That is, people's understanding of altruism is more positive, and they are more likely to produce altruistic behavior. 3. The altruistic attitude of urban residents is affected by sex, age, blood donation experience, being helped, economic situation, political outlook, mood pleasure, Factors such as the characteristics of the professional group and the suitor. Altruistic behavior is influenced not only by altruistic attitudes, but also by altruistic situations, altruistic personality, cognition, ability and mass media.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B848

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