科学主义的抵抑,人文主义的彰显——论描述心理学的基本特征

发布时间：2019-03-07 14:32

【摘要】：描述心理学是科学心理学初创时期由布伦塔诺和狄尔泰共同开创的一门彰显人文主义精神的重要学科形态,表现出与追求科学主义精神的发生心理学或说明心理学截然相对的基本特征。它反对心理学的自然科学观而坚持人文科学观,反对剥离社会文化情境的机械对象论而坚持寓于社会文化情境的生机对象论,反对实证主义导向的客观实验范式而坚持现象学或解释学导向的主观经验范式,反对方法中心论、元素论、因果决定论、主客二元论和价值中立论的理论观而坚持问题中心论、整体论、自由意志论、主客同一论和价值负荷论的理论观。描述心理学构成了科学心理学早期与自然科学心理学相对抗的强大力量,开辟了不同于科学主义的人文主义路线,在心理学史特别是人文科学心理学史上产生了广泛而深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Descriptive psychology is an important discipline form in which Brentano and Dilthey co-founded the spirit of humanism in the beginning of scientific psychology. Shows the basic characteristics of the pursuit of the spirit of scientism in the occurrence of psychology or illustrative psychology. It opposes the view of natural science of psychology but adheres to the view of humanities, opposes the mechanical object theory of social and cultural situation, and insists on the theory of vital object which is contained in social and cultural situation. He opposes the objective experimental paradigm of positivism and adheres to the subjective empirical paradigm of phenomenology or hermeneutics, opposes the theory of method-centered, element-oriented, causal determinism, subject-object dualism and value neutralism, and adheres to question-centered theory. Holism, free will, identity of subject and object, and theory of value load. Descriptive psychology constituted a powerful force in the early confrontation between scientific psychology and natural science psychology, and opened up a humanist line different from scientism. It has had a wide and far-reaching influence in the history of psychology, especially in the history of psychology of humanities.
【作者单位】：南京师范大学教育学博士后流动站;南京师范大学心理学院;南京师范大学道德教育研究所;
【基金】：江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(1402081C)阶段性成果
【分类号】：B84-0

【参考文献】