语篇背景在语义整合中的作用

发布时间：2019-03-09 15:32

【摘要】：通过眼动实验考察了语篇背景对不同类型句子语义整合过程的影响。句子类型有3个水平:(1)宾语违反了动词的选择性限制;(2)宾语符合选择性限制,但是违反了世界知识;(3)无违反。语篇背景有2个水平:(1)中性背景;(2)校正背景。在中性语篇背景下,句子(1)(2)是不合适的;而在校正背景下,三种句子都是合理的。24名大学生被试自然阅读的眼动数据表明,违反动词选择性限制的目标词上的首次注视时间、回视路径时间和总注视时间,在中性背景下比在校正背景下长,注视点个数也更多;而在非选择性限制违反条件下,语篇背景的效应只在总注视时间和注视点个数两个指标上显著。这些结果表明,当句子中的宾语违反了动词的选择性限制时,语篇背景影响了宾语的早期和晚期加工。而当宾语只违反世界知识时,语篇背景的作用体现在晚期阶段。语篇背景对当前信息的整合是动态的过程,并不是只能在固定某个阶段起作用。
[Abstract]:The influence of textual background on semantic integration of different types of sentences is investigated by eye movement experiments. There are three levels of sentence types: (1) the object violates the selective restriction of the verb; (2) the object conforms to the selective restriction but violates the world knowledge; (3) there is no violation. There are two levels of textual background: (1) neutral background; (2) correction background. In the context of neutral discourse, sentence (1) (2) is not suitable; Under the background of correction, all three sentences were reasonable. The eye movement data of 24 college students who read naturally showed that the first gaze time, the look back path time and the total gaze time on the target words violated the verb selectivity restriction. When the neutral background is longer than in the corrected background, the number of fixation points is more. However, under the condition of non-selective restriction violation, the effect of discourse background is only significant on the total fixation time and the number of fixation points. These results show that when the object in the sentence violates the selective restriction of the verb, the textual background affects the early and late processing of the object. When the object only violates the knowledge of the world, the role of the textual background is reflected in the late stage. The integration of text context into current information is a dynamic process, and it does not work only at a fixed stage.
【作者单位】：中国科学院心理研究所;福建师范大学心理学系;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(31070989)
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】