基于实物操作的老年人日常问题解决能力与工作记忆、推理能力的关系研究
发布时间：2019-03-22 06:45
【摘要】：日常问题解决能力也称实用智力，，是个体在处理现实生活问题的思维过程，以及由此积累起来的经验。日常问题解决能力与基本认知能力，尤其是与记忆能力和推理能力相关。其中记忆是人脑对输入的信息进行编码、存储和提取的过程，根据不同的分类标准可以将记忆分为多种类型，但与日常问题解决能力密切相关的是工作记忆能力，它是在信息加工过程中对信息进行暂时性加工和存储的一个能量有限的记忆系统。另外，推理作为智力的核心成分，也是影响日常问题解决能力不可缺少的因素之一。目前对于推理能力的研究材料主要有图形推理和文字推理这两种。相对而言，图形推理比较直观可行，而且可以避免知识经验、语言能力以及其他因素的影响，能够更加客观地反映个体的思维发展过程。因此，本研究中采用图形推理材料来考察老年人的推理能力。 本研究采取问卷法和测验法对211名60-84岁年龄段的老年人的日常问题解决能力、工作记忆广度和图形推理能力进行考察，采用多元方差分析、相关分析、回归分析和结构方程模型等方法对数据进行整理和分析，旨在了解老年人日常问题解决能力、工作记忆广度和推理能力的发展趋势，并对上述三者之间可能存在的关系进行深入探讨。 通过对老年人日常问题解决能力与工作记忆、推理能力的关系进行研究，了解其能力水平，将有助于为后期的干预训练提供前提和准备，进而对维护和提高老年人的生活独立性及生活质量、缓解老年化的社会压力做一些贡献。
[Abstract]:The ability to solve daily problems is also called practical intelligence. It is the thinking process of the individual in dealing with real life problems and the experience accumulated therefrom. Daily problem solving ability is related to basic cognitive ability, especially memory ability and reasoning ability. Memory is the process in which the human brain encodes, stores and extracts the input information. According to different classification criteria, memory can be divided into many types, but the working memory ability is closely related to the ability to solve daily problems. It is a memory system with limited energy to process and store information temporarily in the process of information processing. In addition, reasoning, as the core component of intelligence, is also one of the indispensable factors to affect the ability of solving daily problems. At present, there are two main research materials on reasoning ability: graphic reasoning and literal reasoning. Relatively speaking, graphic reasoning is more intuitive and feasible, and can avoid the influence of knowledge, experience, language ability and other factors, and can reflect the individual's thinking development process more objectively. Therefore, in this study, graphic reasoning materials were used to investigate the reasoning ability of the elderly. In this study, the daily problem-solving ability, working memory span and graphic reasoning ability of 211 60-84-year-old people were investigated by questionnaire method and test method, and multivariate analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Regression analysis and structural equation model are used to organize and analyze the data in order to understand the development trend of elderly people's ability to solve daily problems, working memory span and reasoning ability. And the possible relationship among the above three is discussed in depth. Through the study of the relationship between the elderly's ability to solve daily problems, working memory and reasoning ability, and understanding their ability level, it will be helpful to provide the premise and preparation for the later intervention training. It also contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the independence and quality of life of the elderly and the relief of the aging social pressure.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4
本文编号：2445359
[Abstract]:The ability to solve daily problems is also called practical intelligence. It is the thinking process of the individual in dealing with real life problems and the experience accumulated therefrom. Daily problem solving ability is related to basic cognitive ability, especially memory ability and reasoning ability. Memory is the process in which the human brain encodes, stores and extracts the input information. According to different classification criteria, memory can be divided into many types, but the working memory ability is closely related to the ability to solve daily problems. It is a memory system with limited energy to process and store information temporarily in the process of information processing. In addition, reasoning, as the core component of intelligence, is also one of the indispensable factors to affect the ability of solving daily problems. At present, there are two main research materials on reasoning ability: graphic reasoning and literal reasoning. Relatively speaking, graphic reasoning is more intuitive and feasible, and can avoid the influence of knowledge, experience, language ability and other factors, and can reflect the individual's thinking development process more objectively. Therefore, in this study, graphic reasoning materials were used to investigate the reasoning ability of the elderly. In this study, the daily problem-solving ability, working memory span and graphic reasoning ability of 211 60-84-year-old people were investigated by questionnaire method and test method, and multivariate analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Regression analysis and structural equation model are used to organize and analyze the data in order to understand the development trend of elderly people's ability to solve daily problems, working memory span and reasoning ability. And the possible relationship among the above three is discussed in depth. Through the study of the relationship between the elderly's ability to solve daily problems, working memory and reasoning ability, and understanding their ability level, it will be helpful to provide the premise and preparation for the later intervention training. It also contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the independence and quality of life of the elderly and the relief of the aging social pressure.
【学位授予单位】：赣南师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B844.4
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前10条
1 伍月琼;伍燕琼;;我国老年认知心理研究综述[J];贵州师范学院学报;2011年04期
2 贺荟中,方俊明;小学生工作记忆与推理关系的实验研究[J];心理科学;2003年01期
3 彭华茂,申继亮,王大华;工作记忆容量和加工速度在归纳推理能力老化中的作用[J];心理科学;2004年03期
4 王亚南;刘昌;;加工速度、工作记忆与数字推理能力的发展[J];心理科学;2006年05期
5 李德明,刘昌,李贵芸;认知老化模型的研究[J];心理学报;1999年01期
6 申继亮,王大华,彭华茂,唐丹;基本心理能力老化的中介变量[J];心理学报;2003年06期
7 李川云;成人日常问题解决的老化研究[J];心理学动态;1998年03期
8 王秀芳;李红;;归纳推理的影响因素及脑机制研究[J];信阳师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版);2007年03期
9 杜国平;;图形推理研究[J];北京行政学院学报;2007年02期
10 刘昌,李德明;工作记忆在心算加工年老化过程中的作用[J];中国科学院研究生院学报;2000年01期
本文编号：2445359
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xinlixingwei/2445359.html
