3-6岁幼儿图形认知发展特点及促进研究

发布时间：2019-03-23 16:31

【摘要】：幼儿园数学教育一直以来是我国学前教育界关注的一个领域。幼儿对图形的认知则是幼儿园数学教育中十分重要的一个部分。学好图形有助于幼儿树立对生活和周围世界的正确认识观,有助于培养幼儿的好奇心、探究欲及对几何乃至数学的兴趣,有助于培养幼儿的思维能力及良好思维品质,有助于进行日后的小学数学学习。在过去几十年里,尤其是上世纪八九十年代,国内外研究者对学前幼儿几何图形认知发展的研究集中在几何图形辨认能力和图形组合能力等方面,以图形辨认能力的研究为主,很少考查其他能力,如图形与实际物品的联系能力、几何图形基本特征的理解能力。本论文分为两个研究:研究一对上海市某一幼儿园的3-6岁幼儿,共200名被试进行图形认知能力发展特点的研究,利用《3-6岁幼儿几何形体认知发展测查量表》测量工具考察幼儿图形认知能力的年级和性别差异。结果显示3-6岁幼儿图形认知发展具有阶段性的特点,随年级呈上升趋势,这和前人的研究结果一致;3-6岁女性幼儿的图形认知能力要优于男性幼儿;3-6岁幼儿普遍掌握了圆形、三角形、正方形图形,对于生活中常见图形有一定的掌握,容易混淆有相似特征的图形。研究二运用自编的幼儿图形认知干预方案对中班实验组幼儿,共23名被试进行了为期两个月共八次的干预。结果显示,通过与中班对照组幼儿的对比,实验组在图形的辨认、图形的命名、图形的指认、图形的配对、图形的拆分与拼搭、图形的特征理解能力上显著优于对照组。
[Abstract]:Kindergarten mathematics education has always been a field of concern in the field of preschool education in China. Children's cognition of figure is a very important part of kindergarten mathematics education. Learning graphics well helps toddlers to establish a correct understanding of life and the world around them, to cultivate their curiosity, to explore their desire and their interest in geometry and even mathematics, and to cultivate their thinking ability and good thinking quality. Help to carry on the elementary school mathematics study in the future. In the past decades, especially in the 1980s and 1990s, the research on the cognitive development of pre-school children's geometric figure has focused on the recognition ability of geometric figure and the ability of combination of figures, and mainly focused on the study of the ability of graphic identification. Rarely examine other abilities, such as the ability to relate graphics to actual objects, and the ability to understand the basic features of geometry. This paper is divided into two studies: the study of a pair of 3-6-year-old children in a kindergarten in Shanghai, a total of 200 subjects were involved in the study of the characteristics of the development of graphics cognitive ability. Using the < 3-6-year-old children's geometric shape cognitive development scale > measurement tools to investigate the differences between grades and gender in the cognitive ability of children's graphics. The results showed that the 3-year-old 6-year-old children's figure cognition development had the stage characteristic, which showed the rising trend with the grade, which was consistent with the previous research results, (3) the figure cognition ability of the 6-year-old female children was better than that of the male children. (3) 6-year-old children generally master circular, triangular and square figures, which have certain grasp for common figures in life, and easily confuse figures with similar characteristics. In the second study, 23 children in the middle-class experimental group were given 8 times of intervention for two months by using the self-designed figure cognitive intervention scheme. The results showed that the experimental group was superior to the control group in the ability of recognizing graphics, naming, designating, matching, splitting and assembling graphics, and the ability of understanding the features of graphics was significantly better than that of the control group by comparing with the children in the middle class control group.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.1

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