社会排斥极化道德判断
发布时间：2019-04-10 09:44
【摘要】：人们在生活中常常要进行很多的判断与选择,其中很重要的一个方面就是有关道德的判断。道德是一定社会、一定阶级向人们提出的处理个人与个人、个人与社会之间各种关系的特殊行为规范(谢熹瑶,罗跃嘉,2009)。所以,道德判断也不是发生在一个真空的环境里,其既受到道德事件本身的内容、性质等客观因素影响,也受个体的认知、情绪、道德自我等身体状态和心理状态的影响。而且尤其摆脱不了人的影响,因为人与人之间的关系之于道德有着重要意义,如果没有人与人之间的联系、互动,也就无所谓道德。如此,作为建立社会联接的主体——个人,对人与人之间关系的体验,或者说社会体验,比如社会排斥体验和社会接纳体验,会对道德判断有着什么样的影响呢? 社会排斥是指个体被某一社会团体或他人排斥或拒绝,个体的归属需求和关系需求受到阻碍的现象和过程(杜建政,夏冰丽,2008)。已有研究表明,社会排斥会引起个体强烈的心理反应,影响个体的情绪、自我价值感、认知能力和自我调控能力、人际交往倾向、行为,等(BaumeisterTice,1990；Baumeister,Twenge,Nuss,2002；Buckley,Winkel,＆Leary,2004:DeWall,Baumeister,Vohs,2008；Leary,Tambor,Terdal,Downs,1995；Twenge,Catanese,Baumeister,2002).黄茜羽(2012)研究发现,在社会排斥启动条件下,被试的道德判断更严厉,即对道德两难情境中的利益最大化行为更不认同,并排除了自我评价的中介作用。但是,综合已有的关于社会排斥以及道德判断的研究结果,本研究提出了不同看法,认为社会排斥对道德判断的影响并不仅仅是更严厉或者更包容,而是极化道德判断。对此,本研究将进行实证检验,并进一步探索社会排斥与道德判断之间可能的中介变量,如情绪和避害需要。 为了更具体地考察社会排斥对道德判断的影响,以及其间的中介效应,本研究使用回忆范式和团体拒绝范式对社会排斥进行操纵,以一般行为情境和道德两难情境为道德判断的材料,以大学生为被试,设计3个实验,围绕以下问题展开研究：(1)社会排斥对情绪有什么影响?(2)社会排斥对避害需要有什影响?(3)社会排斥对道德判断的影响是什么?是否极化道德判断,即,将道德行为判断得更道德,将不道德行为判断得更不道德,将两难行为判断得更极端?(4)社会排斥是否通过其他因素影响道德判断,如果有,是情绪还是避害需要,抑或是其他? 研究得到了以下结论： (1)社会排斥极化道德判断,即,受斥个体将道德行为判断得更道德,将不道德行为.判断得更不道德,将两难行为判断得更极端； (2)社会排斥使得个体的积极情绪体验程度更弱,消极情绪体验程度更强； (3)社会排斥使得个体的避害需要更强； (4)情绪和避害需要均不是社会排斥与道德判断之间的中介变量。
[Abstract]:People often have to make a lot of judgments and choices in life, one of which is a very important aspect of moral judgment. Morality is a special code of conduct to deal with the relationships between individuals and society (Xie Xiyao, Luo Yuejia, 2009), which is proposed by a certain society and class to deal with all kinds of relationships between individuals and society. Therefore, moral judgment does not occur in a vacuum environment, it is not only affected by the content, nature and other objective factors of the moral event itself, but also by the cognition, emotion, moral self and other physical and psychological state of the individual. And especially can not get rid of the influence of people, because the relationship between people is of great significance to morality, if there is no connection between people, interaction, there will be no moral. In this way, as the subject of the establishment of social connections-individuals, the experience of the relationship between people, or social experience, such as social exclusion experience and social acceptance experience, what impact will it have on moral judgment? Social exclusion refers to the phenomenon and process that the individual is excluded or rejected by a certain social group or others, and the individual's needs of belonging and relationship are hindered (du Jianzheng, Xia Bingli, 2008). Previous studies have shown that social exclusion can lead to strong psychological reactions, affecting individuals' emotions, self-worth, cognitive and self-regulatory abilities, interpersonal tendencies, behaviors, and so on (BaumeisterTice,1990;Baumeister,Twenge,Nuss,2002;). Buckley,Winkel,&Leary,2004:DeWall,Baumeister,Vohs,2008;Leary,Tambor,Terdal,Downs,1995;Twenge,Catanese,Baumeister,2002) Huang Xiyu (2012) found that under the priming condition of social exclusion, subjects' moral judgment was harsher, that is, they disagreed with the maximization of interests in moral dilemmas, and excluded the intermediary role of self-evaluation. However, based on the results of previous studies on social exclusion and moral judgment, this study puts forward a different view that the impact of social exclusion on moral judgment is not only more severe or more inclusive, but also polarizes moral judgment. Therefore, this study will carry on the empirical test, and further explore the possible intermediary variables between social exclusion and moral judgment, such as emotion and need to avoid harm. In order to investigate more specifically the impact of social exclusion on moral judgment and the intermediary effect between them, this study uses recall paradigm and group rejection paradigm to manipulate social exclusion. Taking the general behavior situation and the moral dilemma situation as the material of moral judgment and taking the college students as subjects, three experiments were designed. The following questions are studied: (1) what is the influence of social exclusion on emotion? (2) what is the effect of social exclusion on avoiding harm? (3) what is the influence of social exclusion on moral judgment? Is moral judgment polarized, that is, moral behavior is judged more morally, immoral behavior is judged more immoral, and dilemmas are judged more extreme? (4) does social exclusion influence moral judgment through other factors, if so, Is it emotional or need to avoid harm, or something else? The conclusions are as follows: (1) Social exclusion polarizes moral judgment, that is, reprimanded individuals judge moral behavior more morally and immorally. (2) the social exclusion makes the individual's positive emotional experience weaker and the negative emotional experience stronger; (3) Social exclusion makes the individual's need to avoid harm stronger; (4) emotion and need for avoiding harm are not intermediary variables between social exclusion and moral judgment.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
本文编号：2455693
[Abstract]:People often have to make a lot of judgments and choices in life, one of which is a very important aspect of moral judgment. Morality is a special code of conduct to deal with the relationships between individuals and society (Xie Xiyao, Luo Yuejia, 2009), which is proposed by a certain society and class to deal with all kinds of relationships between individuals and society. Therefore, moral judgment does not occur in a vacuum environment, it is not only affected by the content, nature and other objective factors of the moral event itself, but also by the cognition, emotion, moral self and other physical and psychological state of the individual. And especially can not get rid of the influence of people, because the relationship between people is of great significance to morality, if there is no connection between people, interaction, there will be no moral. In this way, as the subject of the establishment of social connections-individuals, the experience of the relationship between people, or social experience, such as social exclusion experience and social acceptance experience, what impact will it have on moral judgment? Social exclusion refers to the phenomenon and process that the individual is excluded or rejected by a certain social group or others, and the individual's needs of belonging and relationship are hindered (du Jianzheng, Xia Bingli, 2008). Previous studies have shown that social exclusion can lead to strong psychological reactions, affecting individuals' emotions, self-worth, cognitive and self-regulatory abilities, interpersonal tendencies, behaviors, and so on (BaumeisterTice,1990;Baumeister,Twenge,Nuss,2002;). Buckley,Winkel,&Leary,2004:DeWall,Baumeister,Vohs,2008;Leary,Tambor,Terdal,Downs,1995;Twenge,Catanese,Baumeister,2002) Huang Xiyu (2012) found that under the priming condition of social exclusion, subjects' moral judgment was harsher, that is, they disagreed with the maximization of interests in moral dilemmas, and excluded the intermediary role of self-evaluation. However, based on the results of previous studies on social exclusion and moral judgment, this study puts forward a different view that the impact of social exclusion on moral judgment is not only more severe or more inclusive, but also polarizes moral judgment. Therefore, this study will carry on the empirical test, and further explore the possible intermediary variables between social exclusion and moral judgment, such as emotion and need to avoid harm. In order to investigate more specifically the impact of social exclusion on moral judgment and the intermediary effect between them, this study uses recall paradigm and group rejection paradigm to manipulate social exclusion. Taking the general behavior situation and the moral dilemma situation as the material of moral judgment and taking the college students as subjects, three experiments were designed. The following questions are studied: (1) what is the influence of social exclusion on emotion? (2) what is the effect of social exclusion on avoiding harm? (3) what is the influence of social exclusion on moral judgment? Is moral judgment polarized, that is, moral behavior is judged more morally, immoral behavior is judged more immoral, and dilemmas are judged more extreme? (4) does social exclusion influence moral judgment through other factors, if so, Is it emotional or need to avoid harm, or something else? The conclusions are as follows: (1) Social exclusion polarizes moral judgment, that is, reprimanded individuals judge moral behavior more morally and immorally. (2) the social exclusion makes the individual's positive emotional experience weaker and the negative emotional experience stronger; (3) Social exclusion makes the individual's need to avoid harm stronger; (4) emotion and need for avoiding harm are not intermediary variables between social exclusion and moral judgment.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842
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