媒介多任务处理者参与认知控制的成本-收益评估

发布时间：2019-05-31 18:03

【摘要】：媒介用户越来越倾向于同时消费两个或以上来源的信息内容。这种信息消费行为逐渐成为一种普遍的现象,并逐渐受到研究者的关注,成为研究热点。但以往的研究认为媒介多任务处理与有限的认知控制能力相违背,事实上媒介多任务处理可能与其他的认知原则相违背,例如最小化努力以及控制性加工的内在成本。本研究探讨频繁进行媒介多任务处理是否与最小化努力相符,这样的媒介用户是否对控制性加工的内在成本评估相对较低。该文通过3个研究来解答这个问题。研究一考察媒介多任务处理者参与认知控制的决策。通过不同的认知控制维度来操作认知努力的高低。通过3个实验分别考察与LMM组(light media multitaskers)与HMM组(heavy media multitaskers)参与不同维度的认知控制的决策。实验1考察LMM组与HMM组对任务转换的决策；实验2考察与LMM组与HMM组参与情境转换加工的决策：实验3考察与LMM组与HMM组对认知抑制的规避。3个实验的结果表明,HMM组在认知控制绩效上与LMM组没有差异,但是HMM组比LMM组更多地选择低控制要求的任务。研究二考察媒介多任务处理者参与认知控制努力任务的成本-收益评价。探讨HMM组与LMM组对认知控制努力的价值评价是否存在差异。实验4、5、6基于认知控制的期望价值理论,考察HMM组与LMM组参与认知控制任务决策的期望价值是否存在差异。结果表明,同样的期望奖赏价值条件下,即使认知控制的期望值大大高于习惯化反应的期望奖赏价值,但HMM组还是比LMM组更少地选择进行认知控制反应。实验7采用行为经济学中测量时间折扣的选择滴定程序来评价认知控制努力的主观价值。实验结果表明,HMM组有更高的折扣效应,对认知控制的主观成本估计更高。同样,研究二中,HMM组与LMM组在认知控制的各个维度上的绩效不存在差异。研究三基于劳动供给理论,通过1个实验比较HMM组与LMM组参与认知控制努力任务与认知休闲任务的决策平衡,来进一步考察媒介多任务处理者参与认知控制努力任务的成本-收益分析。收入补偿工资减少的情况下,HMM组与LMM组并没有因为工资减少而改变他们的认知劳动与认知休闲的时间分配组合。同样,HMM组与LMM组在认知控制的各个维度上的绩效不存在差异。
[Abstract]:Media users are increasingly inclined to consume information content from two or more sources at the same time. This kind of information consumption behavior has gradually become a common phenomenon, and has been paid more and more attention by researchers, and has become a research hot spot. However, previous studies have shown that media multitasking is contrary to limited cognitive control ability. in fact, media multitasking may run counter to other cognitive principles, such as minimizing efforts and the inherent cost of controlled processing. This study discusses whether frequent media multitasking is consistent with minimizing efforts, and whether such media users evaluate the inherent cost of controlled processing is relatively low. This paper answers this question through three studies. The first study is to investigate the participation of media multitasking processors in cognitive control decisions. Different dimensions of cognitive control are used to manipulate the level of cognitive efforts. Three experiments were conducted to investigate the participation of (light media multitaskers) and HMM (heavy media multitaskers) in different dimensions of cognitive control decisions in LMM group and HMM group, respectively. Experiment 1 investigated the decision of LMM group and HMM group on task transformation. Experiment 2 investigated the decision-making of LMM group and HMM group involved in situational transformation processing: experiment 3 investigated the avoidance of cognitive inhibition between LMM group and HMM group. The results of three experiments showed that there was no difference in cognitive control performance between HMM group and LMM group. However, the HMM group chose more tasks with low control requirements than the LMM group. In the second study, the cost-benefit evaluation of media multitask processors participating in cognitive control effort tasks was investigated. To explore whether there is a difference in the value evaluation of cognitive control efforts between HMM group and LMM group. In experiment 4, 5, 6, based on the expected value theory of cognitive control, the difference of expected value between HMM group and LMM group in cognitive control task decision was investigated. The results showed that under the same expected reward value, even if the expected value of cognitive control was much higher than that of habitual response, HMM group still chose less cognitive control response than LMM group. In experiment 7, the selective titration program for measuring time discount in behavioral economics was used to evaluate the subjective value of cognitive control efforts. The experimental results show that HMM group has higher discount effect and higher subjective cost estimation of cognitive control. Similarly, in study 2, there was no difference in the performance of HMM group and LMM group in each dimension of cognitive control. Study 3, based on the theory of labor supply, compared the decision balance between HMM group and LMM group in cognitive control effort task and cognitive leisure task through an experiment. To further investigate the cost-benefit analysis of media multitasking processors participating in cognitive control effort tasks. Under the condition of the decrease of income compensation wage, HMM group and LMM group did not change their combination of cognitive labor and cognitive leisure time allocation because of the decrease of wages. Similarly, there was no difference in the performance of each dimension of cognitive control between HMM group and LMM group.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B842

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