失歌症者空间认知能力的事件相关电位研究
发布时间：2019-07-04 21:25
【摘要】：背景：先天性失歌症是一种缺乏最基本的音高辨别能力,并且表现出以领悟和表达音乐有困难为特点的终生失调。人群中大约有4%的个体存在这种音乐感知能力的缺陷。失歌症者具有正常的生活能力,但其潜在的独特大脑结构仍然对我们了解这个人群特点甚至认识人类的大脑有着重要的意义。音乐认知与空间认知能力存在着一定的联系,音高的一个可能的高层次的代表性构成就是空间。然而目前有关失歌症者的空间认知能力是否存在缺陷仍然没有统一的结论。 目的：从行为学和电生理学层面探讨失歌症者在音高感知方面的缺陷是否已经波及到其空间认知能力,从而进一步分析失歌症者的空间认知加工过程,为失歌症者空间认知加工特点的研究提供电生理学的研究支持。 方法：通过MBEA测验筛选失歌症组(18人)和正常组被试(27人),并采用事件相关电位技术进行心理旋转任务的实验,分析两组被试在行为学和电生理指标上的差异。 结果：行为学结果表明,失歌症组与对照组被试在心理旋转任务的反应时和正确率上均无显著性组间差异(p0.05),也无显著的组间和组内因素之间的交互作用(p0.05),但两组被试均表现出随着旋转角度的增加反应时增加而正确率下降的角度效应(p0.01)；在ERPs结果中,失歌症组被试与对照组被试在P300波幅上也没有显著的组间差异(p0.05),在电极点上,Pz点比P3、P4点的波幅更大。 结论： (1)失歌症的空间认知能力表现与正常人相同,均表现为随着任务难度增加其反应时增加而正确率减少,即没有因为音高感知能力的缺陷伴随空间认知能力的缺损； (2)失歌症者在进行空间心理旋转任务时,其认知加工过程与正常人一致,并没有表现出比常人投入更多的认知资源； (3)在空间认知加工过程中,大脑顶叶中区承担了更大的认知负荷。
[Abstract]:Background: congenital aphasia is a lifelong disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding and expressing music, which lacks the most basic pitch discrimination. About 4% of the individuals in the population have this defect in music perception. People with aphasia have normal living ability, but their potential unique brain structure is still of great significance for us to understand the characteristics of this population and even to understand the human brain. There is a certain relationship between music cognition and spatial cognitive ability, and one of the possible high-level representativeness of pitch is space. However, there is still no unified conclusion on whether there are defects in the spatial cognitive ability of people with aphasia. Objective: to explore whether the defects of aphasia in pitch perception have affected their spatial cognitive ability from the aspects of behavior and electrophysiology, so as to further analyze the spatial cognitive processing process of aphasia, and to provide electrophysiological support for the study of spatial cognitive processing characteristics of aphasia. Methods: MBEA test was used to screen 18 subjects in aphasia group and 27 subjects in normal group. Event-related potential technique was used to carry out the experiment of psychological rotation task, and the differences in behavior and electrophysiological indexes between the two groups were analyzed. Results: the results of behavior showed that there was no significant difference in the response time and correct rate of psychological rotation task between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05), and there was no significant interaction between the two groups (p0.05). However, the two groups showed the angle effect that the correct rate decreased with the increase of rotation angle (p0.01). In the results of ERPs, there was no significant difference in the amplitude of P300 between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05). At the electric pole, the amplitude of Pz point was larger than that of P3 and P4 points. Conclusion: (1) the spatial cognitive ability of aphasia is the same as that of normal people, which shows that the correct rate decreases with the increase of task difficulty, that is to say, it is not accompanied by the defect of spatial cognitive ability because of the defect of pitch perception ability. (2) when the patients with aphasia carried out the task of spatial psychological rotation, their cognitive processing process was consistent with that of normal people, and did not invest more cognitive resources than ordinary people. (3) in the process of spatial cognitive processing, the middle parietal lobe assumed a greater cognitive load.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1
本文编号：2510244
[Abstract]:Background: congenital aphasia is a lifelong disorder characterized by difficulties in understanding and expressing music, which lacks the most basic pitch discrimination. About 4% of the individuals in the population have this defect in music perception. People with aphasia have normal living ability, but their potential unique brain structure is still of great significance for us to understand the characteristics of this population and even to understand the human brain. There is a certain relationship between music cognition and spatial cognitive ability, and one of the possible high-level representativeness of pitch is space. However, there is still no unified conclusion on whether there are defects in the spatial cognitive ability of people with aphasia. Objective: to explore whether the defects of aphasia in pitch perception have affected their spatial cognitive ability from the aspects of behavior and electrophysiology, so as to further analyze the spatial cognitive processing process of aphasia, and to provide electrophysiological support for the study of spatial cognitive processing characteristics of aphasia. Methods: MBEA test was used to screen 18 subjects in aphasia group and 27 subjects in normal group. Event-related potential technique was used to carry out the experiment of psychological rotation task, and the differences in behavior and electrophysiological indexes between the two groups were analyzed. Results: the results of behavior showed that there was no significant difference in the response time and correct rate of psychological rotation task between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05), and there was no significant interaction between the two groups (p0.05). However, the two groups showed the angle effect that the correct rate decreased with the increase of rotation angle (p0.01). In the results of ERPs, there was no significant difference in the amplitude of P300 between the aphasia group and the control group (p0.05). At the electric pole, the amplitude of Pz point was larger than that of P3 and P4 points. Conclusion: (1) the spatial cognitive ability of aphasia is the same as that of normal people, which shows that the correct rate decreases with the increase of task difficulty, that is to say, it is not accompanied by the defect of spatial cognitive ability because of the defect of pitch perception ability. (2) when the patients with aphasia carried out the task of spatial psychological rotation, their cognitive processing process was consistent with that of normal people, and did not invest more cognitive resources than ordinary people. (3) in the process of spatial cognitive processing, the middle parietal lobe assumed a greater cognitive load.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：B842.1
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