高水平羽毛球运动员反应抑制能力的事件相关电位研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 17:11

本文关键词：高水平羽毛球运动员反应抑制能力的事件相关电位研究　出处：《上海体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：羽毛球运动是一项典型的隔网对抗型项目,其项目特点要求运动员不仅应具备良好的身体素质和扎实的技术功底,同时也需不断发展自身认知能力以此应对赛场上不断变化的比赛形势。目前关于羽毛球运动员的研究,多数集中在技战术水平及发展,或是身体素质等领域,而只有少数研究者将关注点放置于他们的认知能力上。反应抑制是人类执行功能的重要组成部分,指停止某个计划实行或是已经启动实行的动作的认知加工过程。反应抑制不仅在生活中具有重要作用,也是保障运动员技战术水平得到最大发挥、掌控场上局势的关键能力之一。那么高水平羽毛球运动员的反应抑制能力是否比普通人更优秀?且羽毛球运动员在不同的动作反应过程中,是否存在其独特的反应抑制加工特征?本研究借助事件相关电位技术,采用信号停止任务、信号变换任务作为实验任务,探讨高水平羽毛球运动员的反应抑制能力及大脑加工特点。这些研究可为羽毛球运动的科学选材及训练提供一定参考。实验一,采用ERP技术和经典信号停止任务范式,运用专家-新手范式(高水平羽毛球运动员19名,普通大学生20名)考察高水平羽毛球运动员在仅停止当前动作的任务情境下的反应抑制能力。结果显示:运动员的go反应时显著快于普通人(p0.05),运动员与普通人的反应抑制速度没有显著差异(p0.05);停止信号诱发的脑电成分上,运动员的N2波幅显著小于普通人(p0.05),说明普通人在完成任务时投入更多的认知资源对动作执行进行调节与控制。两组人的N1、P3成分的波幅和潜伏期均未出现显著差异。该研究表明在此任务情境中,高水平羽毛球运动员采取快速动作执行策略,但反应抑制速度与普通人无差异。实验二,采用ERP技术和信号变换任务范式,运用专家-新手范式(高水平羽毛球运动员19名,普通大学生20名)考察高水平羽毛球运动员在抑制-变换任务情境下的反应抑制能力。结果显示:运动员的抑制速度和变换速度显著快于普通人(p0.05)、(p0.05);变换信号诱发的脑电成分上,运动员右半球N1波幅显著大于普通人(p0.05);运动员的N2、P3波幅显著小于普通人(p0.05)、(p0.05)。此外在go信号诱发的脑电成分上,运动员的P2波幅大于普通人(p=0.065)。该研究表明,高水平羽毛球运动员在此任务情境中展现出优于常人的认知能力,他们的抑制速度及变换速度更快。在抑制过程前期投入更多的注意资源以便更高效地对变换信号进行加工和分辨,而在抑制过程以及后期对抑制结果的评价过程中又使用较少的认知资源以保证更快速的动作变换。说明高水平羽毛球运动员在进行动作变换时,对认知资源的分配和利用更加合理,表现出节省化的特点。研究结论:在仅需抑制的情境中,高水平羽毛球运动员倾向采取快速动作执行策略,即在提高动作执行速度的同时保持反应抑制速度;在抑制-变换情境中,高水平羽毛球运动员的反应抑制速度、动作变换速度更快,而在认知加工层面,大脑的资源利用呈现节省化特点;高水平羽毛球运动员的反应抑制能力在抑制-变换的反应情境中得到全面体现。
[Abstract]:Badminton is a typical inter network confrontation project. Its characteristics require athletes not only to have good physical quality and solid technical skills, but also to develop their cognitive ability constantly, so as to cope with the changing situation of matches. At present, most of the researches on badminton players are focused on the level of technology and tactics, or physical quality. Only a few researchers put their concerns on their cognitive abilities. Reaction inhibition is an important part of human execution function, which refers to the cognitive process of stopping the action of a plan or has been initiated. Reaction inhibition not only plays an important role in life, but also is one of the key abilities to ensure the players' skill and tactics level to be maximized and control the situation on the field. Then the high level badminton athlete is the ability to response inhibition than ordinary people better? And badminton athletes in action in different reaction process, the existence of the unique characteristics of the study of response inhibition processing? Using event-related potentials, the stop signal task, signal transformation task as the experimental task, to explore the high level badminton athlete response inhibition and cognitive processing. These studies can provide some reference for the scientific selection and training of badminton. In the first experiment, we used ERP technology and classic signal stop task paradigm to investigate the ability of reaction inhibition of high level badminton players in the current situation of task only by using the expert novice paradigm (19 high-level badminton athletes and 20 college students). The results showed that the athletes of go was faster than the ordinary people (P0.05), athletes and ordinary people have no significant difference in reaction speed (P0.05); the stop signal induced by brain electrical components, athletes N2 amplitude significantly less than normal people (P0.05), that ordinary people put more cognitive resources to complete the task when the action to adjust and control. There were no significant differences in the amplitude and latency of the N1 and P3 components in the two groups. The study shows that high level badminton players take fast action implementation strategy in this task situation, but the rate of response inhibition is not different from that of ordinary people. Experiment two, using ERP technology and signal transformation task paradigm, used the expert novice paradigm (high level badminton athletes 19 and ordinary college students 20) to investigate the ability of high level badminton players to inhibit reaction in the task of inhibition transformation. The results showed that the speed of inhibition and transformation of athletes were significantly faster than that of ordinary people (P0.05) and (P0.05). The N1 amplitude of athletes' right hemisphere was significantly larger than that of ordinary people (P0.05), and the amplitude of N2 and P3 of athletes was significantly less than that of ordinary people (P0.05) and P0.05. In addition, the P2 amplitude of the athletes was greater than that of the ordinary people (p=0.065) on the electroencephalogram (EEG) induced by go signal. The study shows that high level badminton players show better cognitive ability than ordinary people in this task situation, and their speed and speed are faster. In the early stage of suppression, more attention resources should be put into the process to process and distinguish the transformed signals more efficiently, while less cognitive resources should be used in the inhibition process and later evaluation of inhibition results, so as to ensure faster motion transformation. It shows that the high level badminton players are more reasonable in the allocation and utilization of cognitive resources when they carry on the movement transformation, which shows the characteristics of saving and saving. Conclusion: only in inhibition in the context of high level badminton athletes tend to take quick action execution strategy, namely to maintain speed while improving the reaction speed in inhibiting action; - Transform in the context of high level badminton athlete reaction speed, action transform faster, and in the cognitive level, the use of the brain the presentation of resource saving features; high level badminton athlete fully reflected in the response inhibition inhibition reaction in the transformation of situation.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

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