战后日本对缅甸赔偿问题研究（1948-1954）

发布时间：2017-12-31 15:21

本文关键词：战后日本对缅甸赔偿问题研究（1948-1954）　出处：《华东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：二战后,盟军占领下的日本与东南亚的经贸关系是基于美国同东南亚关系的产物。待日本独立以后,这组关系的巩固与扩大亟需日本与东南亚国家建立外交关系。《旧金山和约》虽然让日本恢复了独立,但未能满足东南亚国家在赔偿问题上的需求。于是,菲律宾、印度尼西亚和缅甸等主要的索赔国家或没有批准该和约,或没有与会。故日本与东南亚政治经济关系的重建仍有待赔偿问题的解决。缅甸是东南亚地区中第一个与日本解决赔偿问题的国家。然而,在交涉的最初阶段,缅甸对于赔偿问题持观望态度,加之日本相对忽视缅甸,致使两国间的前期交涉进展缓慢。这一时期,双方主要围绕《旧金山和约》有关"劳务赔偿原则"的规定展开博弈。最后日方作出让步,对"劳务赔偿原则"的内涵采纳了广义解释,实质上突破了《旧金山和约》的规定。日本的妥协调动了缅甸对于赔偿问题的积极性,但日本坚持以4比2比1的赔偿比例来区别对待菲律宾、印尼和缅甸三国,更兼日本与印尼、菲律宾赔偿谈判的失败先例,令日缅双方对赔偿问题的解决缺乏信心。也正因为如此,日本希望可以从缅甸上找到突破口,打破对东南亚赔偿问题的困境。在复杂的心境下,两国进入了正式的赔偿谈判阶段。在谈判中,日本官民相互配合。同时,为了回应缅甸对平等待遇的要求及加强日缅的经贸关系,日本拿出了经济合作与赔偿一体化的方案,并同意插入赔偿再协商条款。至此,两国解决了赔偿问题,签署了《日缅赔偿及经济合作协定》。日缅赔偿问题的最先解决,主要源于双方对国内复兴与经济发展的共同需求;其次国际形势,尤其是朝鲜战争对于两国国内经济及对赔偿问题的态度也产生了推动性影响;还有缅甸相比于其他东南亚国家更为稳定的中央政府和异于他国的对日友好态度,亦发挥了积极的作用。特别需要注意的是日缅赔偿问题与其他赔偿问题间的联动性,一方面日本和其他国家的谈判进程及结果影响了日缅间的赔偿问题,另一方面日缅赔偿问题的解决及其确立的内容、原则同样影响到日本与其他东南亚国家间赔偿问题的处理。总而言之,日缅赔偿问题的交涉实践是战后日本处理同东南亚国家关系间一次有益的尝试。由此,日本打开了对东南亚赔偿问题的困局,相继同菲律宾和印尼解决了赔偿问题,成功地在尽可能有利的条件下,实现其与东南亚政治经济关系的重建,为自身进一步发展奠定了良好的基础。
[Abstract]:After World War II, the economic and trade relations between Japan and Southeast Asia under Allied occupation were based on the relationship between the United States and Southeast Asia. The consolidation and expansion of this group of relations urgently require the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Southeast Asian countries. Although the Treaty of Peace in San Francisco restored independence to Japan, it failed to meet the needs of Southeast Asian countries on the question of compensation. Major claimants, such as the Philippines, Indonesia and Myanmar, may not have ratified the treaty. Therefore, the reconstruction of political and economic relations between Japan and Southeast Asia has yet to be resolved. Myanmar is the first country in Southeast Asia to resolve the issue of compensation with Japan. However, in the initial stage of negotiations. Burma's wait-and-see approach to reparations, coupled with Japan's relative neglect of Burma, has made progress on earlier negotiations between the two countries slow. In the end, the Japanese side made concessions and adopted a broad interpretation of the connotation of the "labor compensation principle". Japan's compromise has mobilized Myanmar's enthusiasm on the issue of compensation, but Japan insists on treating the Philippines differently with a compensation ratio of 4 to 2: 1. The failure of the compensation negotiations between Indonesia and Myanmar, as well as Japan and Indonesia, and the Philippines, has made Japan and Myanmar lack confidence in the settlement of the compensation issue. Because of this, Japan hopes to find a breakthrough from Myanmar. To break the dilemma of compensation to Southeast Asia. In the complex state of mind, the two countries entered the formal compensation negotiations. In the negotiations, the Japanese government and people cooperate with each other. At the same time. In response to Myanmar's demand for equal treatment and to strengthen economic and trade relations between Japan and Myanmar, Japan put forward a plan for economic cooperation and compensation integration, and agreed to insert a compensation renegotiation clause. Thus, the two countries resolved the issue of compensation. Signed the Agreement on compensation and Economic Cooperation between Japan and Myanmar. The first solution to the problem of compensation in Japan and Myanmar is mainly due to the common needs of both sides for domestic recovery and economic development. Secondly, the international situation, especially the Korean War, also has a push effect on the domestic economy of the two countries and the attitude to the question of compensation. There is also Myanmar's more stable central government than other Southeast Asian countries and its friendly attitude towards Japan, which is different from other countries. It has also played an active role. It is particularly important to note the linkage between Japan and Myanmar compensation and other compensation issues. On the one hand, the negotiation process and results between Japan and other countries have affected the issue of compensation between Japan and Myanmar. On the other hand, the settlement of the compensation problem between Japan and Myanmar and the content of its establishment, the principle also affects the settlement of the compensation problem between Japan and other Southeast Asian countries. The negotiation practice of the issue of compensation between Japan and Myanmar was a useful attempt to deal with the relations between Japan and Southeast Asian countries after the war. The compensation problem was solved with the Philippines and Indonesia one after another, and the reconstruction of its political and economic relations with Southeast Asia was successfully realized under the best possible conditions, which laid a good foundation for its further development.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153

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