真德秀社会控制思想研究
本文关键词:真德秀社会控制思想研究 出处:《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:真德秀是南宋理学集大成者,亦是朱熹再传弟子,著作甚丰。面对南宋后期,宋室将倾,流弊深重的社会现实,真德秀着力于整合理学诸子之说,强调以“正心诚意”为本,将道德修养上升到“人伦日用”、“知行合一”之境界。本文正是通过社会控制理论,对于宋代理学家真德秀的社会控制思想进行探讨和研究。首先,本文探讨了真德秀生平事迹及其社会控制思想形成的哲学基础。认为真德秀采纳儒家学说,以天理为最高原则,注重风俗和道德的内化作用,接纳佛、道和民间宗教的诸多元素,以体味圣人之言求本心,将之“诚心正意”、“明义理,切实用”为途径,通过“知天事天”的天理论,“学以变化气质”的工夫论,“正心诚意,正理平治”社会控制目标一系列学说,来建立起社会控制学说的理论基石。其次,探讨了真德秀社会内在控制思想,其“亲亲”为先的人伦思想,“明义理,切实用”的教化思想,“尊天道、治君心”的君主修养思想,注重以个人的道德体悟为前提,由此加强民众的道德日用行为,强调以劝谕和教化来引导世人的价值判断,使人内外交养、身心俱治,达到社会稳定的目的。再次,探讨了真德秀“养民理财,泽及细民”的经济思想、“法本人情,酌情据法”的法律思想、“公论即天理”的舆论监督思想、“自治自守”的乡村自治思想,通过这些思想的研究,说明其将儒家的道德、是非观念附着在封建专制政治与宗教的神圣信条上,通过法律、经济及舆论监督等手段,力图在以血缘为基础的封建自然经济条件下,形成一种既利于基层的稳定、和谐,也使人主动追求封建道德伦理的积极性,由此强化封建国家的社会控制效力。最后,探讨了真德秀社会控制思想的特点与局限性,认为真德秀素以理学正宗著称,但其在程朱理学基础上发展了一套纯粹的心性功夫,较之程朱理学的原始理论更具实用性。他在社会治理的同时,注重当地的“人情”和“风俗”;强调经世致用,主张个人修养应同古今世变之学相结合;并有着一条自上而下的路线。将于治天下,直接把君心之正、君身之修视作政治更张、天下大治的起始。此外,由于真德秀过分强调对“人欲”之克制和对君权的推崇,又不免与其以“公议”和“自治”为代表的公权力在社会控制理论上趋于矛盾,成为其社会控制思想的局限所在。
[Abstract]:Zhenderxiu is the epitome of Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Zhu Xi has retransmitted his disciples. In the face of the late Southern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty will be tilted, and the social reality will be very serious, and Zhenderxiu is focusing on integrating the theory of Neo-Confucianism. It is emphasized that the moral cultivation should be raised to the realm of "human relations and daily use" and "integration of knowledge and action" based on "good intentions and sincerity". This article is based on the theory of social control. First of all, this paper discusses the life story of Zhendexiu and the philosophical basis of the formation of social control thought, and thinks that Zhendexiu adopts the Confucian theory. Take the principle of heaven as the supreme principle, pay attention to the internalization function of custom and morality, accept many elements of Buddhism, Taoism and folk religion, seek the heart by appreciating the words of the saints, "be sincere" and "be clear". Through the theory of "knowing the heaven and the nature", the theory of "learning to change the temperament", the theory of "being sincere and just," a series of theories of social control goal. Secondly, it discusses the inner control thought of Zhenderxiu society, its "kinship" as the first thought of human relations, the enlightenment thought of "understanding, reason and practical use", and "respecting the Tao of Heaven". The monarch cultivation thought of "governing the heart of the monarch" paid attention to the premise of personal moral understanding, thus strengthening the moral daily behavior of the public, emphasizing the guidance of the value judgment of the world by persuasion and enlightenment, and making the internal diplomatic cultivation of the people. Thirdly, the author discusses the economic thought of "nourishing the people and managing the people", and the legal thought of "the law personally, according to the law, as appropriate," in order to achieve the goal of social stability. Through the study of these thoughts, the public opinion supervision thought of "public opinion that is natural principle" and the village autonomy thought of "autonomy and self-defense" explained the Confucian morality. The concept of right and wrong is attached to the sacred creed of feudal autocratic politics and religion. By means of law, economy and supervision of public opinion, the concept of right and wrong tries hard under the condition of feudal natural economy based on blood. The formation of a kind of grass-roots stability, harmony, but also the initiative to pursue the enthusiasm of feudal ethics, so as to strengthen the effectiveness of the feudal country's social control. Finally. This paper probes into the characteristics and limitations of the social control thought of Zhenderxiu, and holds that Zhenderxiu is famous for its orthodoxy, but it develops a set of pure mental kung fu on the basis of Neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu. Compared with the original theory of Cheng Zhu Neo-Confucianism, he paid attention to local "human feelings" and "customs" at the same time of social governance. Emphasizing the practical use of the world and advocating that personal cultivation should be combined with the study of the changes of ancient and modern times; And there is a top-down line. Will govern the world, directly to the heart of the monarch, the monarch body as a more open politics, the beginning of the world. In addition. Because Zhenderxiu overemphasizes the restraint of "human desire" and the esteem of monarchy, it also tends to contradict with the public power represented by "public discussion" and "autonomy" in the theory of social control. Become the limitation of its social control thought.
【学位授予单位】:重庆师范大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:K245
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