明代吏部尚书研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 00:18

  本文关键词：明代吏部尚书研究　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 明代 吏部尚书 群体研究

【摘要】：自洪武十三年(1380)朱元璋裁撤中书省、废除丞相制度后,吏部尚书便因掌握铨选等人事大权而地位迅速上升,一跃成为“七卿”之长,被尊称为“冢宰”、“天官”,故可知明代吏部尚书的地位和作用非前朝历代吏部尚书所能比拟。吏部尚书在明代政治中扮演着非常重要的角色,与内阁及其他各部都有非常密切的联系,研究明代吏部尚书群体可以窥视更多的明代政治问题。有明一代,吏部尚书自洪武十三年始,至崇祯十七年(1644)止,共有可考者九十八人,一百零八任。此处之所以从洪武十三年开始,是因为此后吏部尚书才基本具备管理全国官员任免的职能,更具有代表性。本文主要从吏部尚书的籍贯以及分布特点、入仕与仕履、迁转与任期、吏部尚书与明代政治格局等方面进行探讨。其一,明代吏部组织机构及其职掌。本章是对明代吏部的组织机构与职掌的简单介绍。通过对具体事例的分析来简要描述吏部尚书、吏部侍郎以及下辖的文选、考功、稽勋、验封四清吏司各自的地位、职能,以此明确吏部的基本结构以及吏部尚书职能的运作情况。其二,明代吏部尚书任职者考。本章主要是对担任吏部尚书者的人员名单的具体考证。明代吏部尚书除正式任命者外,还有部分兼署者、赐予吏部尚书职位而不正式管理部事者以及与南京吏部尚书相混淆者等,本文以正式管理吏部事务的吏部尚书为主要考察对象,由此共考证出吏部尚书九十八人,共一百零八任。其三,明代吏部尚书籍贯及其时、空分布。本章主要通过分析《明实录》等相关史料考证出吏部尚书的真实籍贯,并对其籍贯分布进行分析,进而得出明代吏部尚书选任并非简单的“唯才是举”,还有皇帝出于均衡各地域政治势力的考虑。明代吏部尚书是在才能基础上采用均势、中庸原则而选出的,所以各布政司担任吏部尚书者人数的多寡与科举制名额的地区分布基本保持一致。其四,明代吏部尚书入仕途径与仕履。通过对吏部尚书入仕途径、起家官及相关任职的分析可知,吏部尚书入仕途径的主流为通过科举考试。而起家官,明前期较为混杂,但以中央官为主;明中期以翰林院、科道官、六部主事等中央官为主;明后期以推官、知州、知县等地方官为主。由此可知,吏部尚书起家官总体要求较高,但明代前、中、后期对起家官要求先升后降,与吏部尚书的地位变化相吻合。其五,明代吏部尚书的迁转与任期。本章主要对吏部尚书的迁入官、迁出官以及任期长短进行分析。明代吏部尚书的迁入官以北京与南京的七卿以及中央各部侍郎等三品及以上官员为主,迁出情况大都是去职归乡,说明吏部尚书是明代文职官员的仕途高峰。就任期讲,与明代的历史发展轨迹大体相吻合,明前期至明中期趋于稳定,任期变长,明中期至明后期则总体变短,更迭频繁。其六,吏部尚书与明代政治格局。主要通过吏部尚书与皇帝、内阁、宦官三者的关系探讨吏部尚书在明代政局中的作用。吏部尚书因掌握铨选大权而一直处在明代中央政权的核心位置,皇帝、内阁、宦官控制中枢大权,均需通过吏部尚书来完成,故皇帝一直依靠又制约其职能,内阁、宦官则与吏部尚书长期处在制衡状态,此消彼长,维持着皇权的稳定。吏部尚书在明代政治中扮演着非常重要的角色,所以皇帝对其任命时需要综合考虑籍贯、出身、仕履等多个方面,以保持明代政局的稳定。
[Abstract]:Since the Hongwu thirteen years (1380) Zhu Yuanzhang abolished the Secretariat, abolishing the system of prime minister, libushangshu was elected master and other personnel power rapidly, becoming the "seven state", called the "prime minister", "official", the status and role of the Ming Dynasty libushangshu the previous history of libushangshu can be compared. Libushangshu plays an important role in the politics of Ming Dynasty, has a very close contact with the cabinet and other departments, the study of the Ming Dynasty libushangshu group can see more political issues. The Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty libushangshu from Hongwu thirteen in the beginning, to Chongzhen seventeen years (1644), a total of ninety-eight people can be admitted, one hundred and eight. Here is from the beginning of Hongwu thirteen years, because then libushangshu basically have to manage the country appointment function, more representative. This article mainly from the official Origin and distribution characteristics of Chancery, official and official career, transfer and tenure, libushangshu and the Ming Dynasty political pattern and other aspects. First, the Ming Dynasty official department organization and functions. This chapter is a brief introduction to the organization of the Ming Dynasty official department and control. Through the analysis of specific examples to briefly describe libushangshu, Shilang official department and under the jurisdiction of the anthology, Kao Gong, Ji Hoon, the official position, sealing test our respective functions, operation of the basic structure in order to clear the official department and libushangshu functions. Second, the Ming Dynasty libushangshu incumbent exam. This chapter is mainly textual research the list of personnel who served as Minister of the Ministry of personnel of the Ming Dynasty libushangshu. In addition to formal appointment, and there are some department, grant libushangshu posts without formal management department and confused with Nanjing libushangshu etc., based on the formal management of official affairs The Minister of the Ministry of personnel as the main object of study, the research libushangshu ninety-eight people, a total of one hundred and eight. Third, the Ming Dynasty libushangshu and its origin, spatial distribution. This chapter analyzes the "Ming Dynasty > related historical materials libushangshu true origin, and the native place distribution analysis then, the Ming Dynasty libushangshu selection is not a simple" meritocracy ", and the emperor for the balance of regional political forces are considered. The Ming Dynasty libushangshu is used to balance in the basis, principle and selected area, so the distribution of Buzheng as our number libushangshu the amount and number of the imperial examination system consistent. Fourth, the Ming Dynasty libushangshu officialposition approach and officialshoe. Based on the official official way, started serving officer and related analysis, the mainstream libushangshu into the official way through the imperial examination The exam. And started officer, the early Ming Dynasty is mixed, but the central government; the mid Ming Dynasty to the Imperial Academy, supercisory official, six principal and other officials of the central government; the late Ming to the official, state, county and other local officials. Therefore, libushangshu started, overall demand is higher, but before the Ming Dynasty. Later on, started official requirements first and then decreased, and the change in the status of libushangshu coincide. Fifth, the Ming Dynasty libushangshu and changes of the term. The chapter is mainly on the official immigration officer, and the officer out of tenure is analyzed. The Ming Dynasty libushangshu immigration officer in Beijing and Nanjing the seven ministers and central ministries and three assistant officials above, from the situation is mostly left home, that is the Ming Dynasty libushangshu civilian career peak. The term, roughly coincides with the history of the Ming Dynasty, the early Ming Dynasty to the mid Ming period tends to be stable. Variable length, the middle of Ming Dynasty to the late Ming is generally shorter, frequent change. The six, libushangshu and Ming Dynasty politics. Mainly through libushangshu and the emperor, the cabinet, the three explore the relationship between Eunuch in the Ming Dynasty libushangshu politics. Libushangshu chose a direct power for master in the core position of the central government in Ming Dynasty, the emperor, the cabinet, the eunuch control center of power, are required to complete the Shangshu, the emperor has to rely on and restrict the functions of the cabinet, and the eunuch libushangshu in the long-term balance state, while maintaining stability. The imperial libushangshu plays a very important the role of politics in the Ming Dynasty, so the emperor to need to consider the appointment of its origin, background, many aspects of officialshoe, to maintain political stability in the Ming Dynasty.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248
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本文编号：1411862