语义分类灵活性的发展研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 19:06

本文关键词： 认知灵活性语义分类灵活性年龄差异　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：分类作为人脑基本的认知功能,对人类的生活起到了非常重要的作用,作为一种重要的科学方法,可以使复杂的事物简单化,减少认知负荷,提高效率。认知灵活性是一种同时处理刺激多方面信息的能力,即同时保持两个或多个规则,并在规则间灵活转换的能力。而语义分类灵活性(Semantic Categorical Flexibility)作为特殊领域的认知灵活性,是指在特定的情境下,通过选择目标代表的相关的意义来进行多重分类的能力,是一种类别灵活性,既包含反应灵活性,也包含概念灵活性。分析语义分类灵活性的发展性特征有助于为分类学及认知等相关领域提供理论与实证支持。根据研究目的,特选取不同年龄阶段的个体参加实验,通过比较年龄差异来全面了解语义分类灵活性的发展性特征。本研究分为3个实验,被试分别在儿童、青年和老年群体中随机选取,男女比例适当,且3个实验的被试均独立。实验1采用图片为语义分类灵活性材料,分为“类别-类别-主题”和“主题-主题-类别”两种不同的分类转换形式,考察了不同年龄阶段个体的差异。由于汉字和图片加工通道及应用范围的不一致,实验2特采用汉字为分类材料,流程与实验1平行,实验3将实验1和实验2中的语义因素去除掉,单纯考察认知控制因素对个体语义分类灵活性的影响。实验结果得出如下结论:(1)语义分类灵活性存在年龄差异,青年人表现好于儿童和老年;(2)图片语义分类灵活性和字词语义分类灵活性存在差异,在面对语义转换时,字词的转换过程要比图片困难;(3)语义,分类的两种形式“类别-类别-主题”和“主题-主题-类别”存在差异,在主题分类过程中介入类别造成的干扰要比在类别中加入主题因素更加大,个体更倾向于类别分类,然而汉字的义符有助于被试进行主题分类,因此类别倾向性并没有在汉字的转换阶段显示;(4)8岁儿童的概念、保持和转换能力都较差,9-10岁的儿童处于过渡时期,而11-12岁的儿童发展已经基本完善;(5)不同个体语义分类灵活性的差异同时受到了语义因素和认知控制因素的影响。
[Abstract]:As a basic cognitive function of human brain, classification plays a very important role in human life. As an important scientific method, it can simplify complex things and reduce cognitive load. Improving efficiency. Cognitive flexibility is the ability to process multiple stimuli at the same time, i.e. to maintain two or more rules at the same time. And the ability of flexible transformation between rules, while semantic classification flexibility and semantic Categorical flexibility as a special field of cognitive flexibility. It refers to the ability of multi-classification by selecting the relevant meaning of target representation in a specific situation. It is a kind of category flexibility, which includes the flexibility of response. It also includes conceptual flexibility. Analyzing the developmental features of semantic classification flexibility is helpful to provide theoretical and empirical support for related fields such as taxonomy and cognition. Individuals of different ages were selected to study the developmental characteristics of semantic classification flexibility by comparing age differences. This study was divided into three experiments with children. The young and old population were randomly selected, the ratio of male and female was appropriate, and the subjects of the three experiments were independent. Experiment 1 used pictures as the flexible material of semantic classification. There are two different forms of classification conversion: category-category-subject "and" subject-subject-category ". Due to the different processing channels and application range of Chinese characters and pictures, Chinese characters were used as classification materials in experiment 2, and the flow chart was parallel to experiment 1. Experiment 3 removes the semantic factors from experiments 1 and 2. The experimental results show that there are age differences in semantic classification flexibility among young people than in children and old people. (2) there are differences between semantic classification flexibility of pictures and semantic classification of words. In the face of semantic transformation, the conversion process of words is more difficult than that of pictures; Semantic, the two forms of classification "category-category-subject" and "subject-subject-category" are different. In the process of topic classification, the interference caused by the intervention category is greater than that by adding topic factors into the category, and the individual is more inclined to classify the category. However, the sememe of Chinese characters helps the subjects to classify the topic. Therefore, the category orientation is not shown in the conversion stage of Chinese characters; The concept, maintenance and conversion ability of 8-year-old children are poor. Children aged 9-10 years are in transition period, while the development of children aged 11-12 years is basically perfect. 5) the differences of individual semantic classification flexibility are influenced by both semantic factors and cognitive control factors.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.1

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