基于汉语字本位理论的对外汉语教学实践研究

发布时间：2018-01-28 06:30

本文关键词： 字本位词本位对外汉语教学教学改革试验　出处：《湖北工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：字本位理论从提出到发展至今已有二十余年,然而只有少数人理解支持,对于将其应用于实践的更是少之又少。近代自西方理论《马氏文通》引进后对汉语教学有一定的影响和推动作用,但效果仍然不甚理想,汉语也因此成为世人眼中“最难学的语言”之一。就汉语的发展历史及其对世界产生的影响来看,汉字不仅仅只是作为汉语书写记录符号,也是辅助汉人语言的第二套语言。在对外汉语教学的过程中,汉字的学习一直困扰着外国学生,汉字的教学也一直是重难点。在这些“教”与“学”的问题背后,根本原因还在于“印欧语眼光”的束缚。本文梳理总结了汉语字本位理论的相关文献资料,分析“字本位”理论下对外汉语教学的主要内涵和观点。立足于对传统词本位教学的实践和体验,反思总结词本位教学教材教法所存在的问题:汉语学习者只会说,不会认读;无法真正把握汉字“形·音·义”的结合;汉字的书写能力薄弱;最终导致汉语成为了公认的“最难学的语言”之一。为了解决在教学过程中遇到了这些问题,笔者尝试着运用“字本位”理论来指导教学实践,对基于汉语字本位理论的对外汉语教学进行了改革试验总体设计:首先在湖北工业大学十二名哈萨克留学生的汉语课堂上进行了第一阶段教学改革试验,立足于传统教材,运用字本位教学法开展教学活动;其次通过总结第一阶段的成果和不足,分析对外汉语教材现状的,提出了字本位理念下对外汉语教材编写的几点思考,并创新编写了《字本位汉语习得教程》(教案);然后,以笔者在湖北工业大学国际学院所教授的两个平行班级为教学对象,选取其中一个班级作为第二阶段的教学改革试验对象,总结出字本位运用于对外汉语综合教学及对外汉字教学的方法。最后通过对两个平行班级两轮考试的试卷进行数据统计和分析后,我们发现:不论是在字词掌握方面、还是汉字书写能力方面,运用字本位教学的班级明显优于词本位教学的班级。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 20 years since the development of the word-based theory, but only a few people understand and support it. Since the introduction of the western theory "Ma Shi Wen Tong", it has a certain influence and promotion on Chinese teaching, but the effect is still not very good. As a result, Chinese has become one of the most difficult languages to learn in the eyes of the world. In terms of the history of Chinese language development and its impact on the world, Chinese characters are not only used as written symbols in Chinese. In the process of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the study of Chinese characters has been puzzling foreign students. The teaching of Chinese characters has always been a difficult point. Behind these problems of "teaching" and "learning", the fundamental reason lies in the shackles of "Indo-European language vision". This paper analyzes the main connotations and viewpoints of teaching Chinese as a foreign language under the theory of "word standard", and bases itself on the practice and experience of traditional word-based teaching. Reflecting on the problems existing in the teaching method of summing up the teaching materials based on words: Chinese learners can only speak, not recognize reading; Unable to truly grasp the combination of "shape, sound and meaning" of Chinese characters; The writing ability of Chinese characters is weak; Finally, Chinese has become one of the most difficult languages to learn. In order to solve these problems in the teaching process, the author tries to use the "word-based" theory to guide teaching practice. This paper makes a general design of the reform experiment of teaching Chinese as a foreign language based on the theory of Chinese characters: firstly, the first stage of teaching reform experiment is carried out in the Chinese class of 12 Kazakh students from Hubei University of Technology. Based on the traditional teaching materials, the use of word-based teaching method to carry out teaching activities; Secondly, through summing up the achievements and shortcomings of the first stage, this paper analyzes the current situation of teaching materials for Chinese as a foreign language, and puts forward some thoughts on compiling textbooks for Chinese as a foreign language under the concept of word-based. And has written "the character standard Chinese acquisition course" innovatively (teaching plan and so on); Then, taking the two parallel classes taught by the author in the International College of Hubei University of Technology as the teaching object, one of them is chosen as the second stage of the teaching reform experiment object. Summed up the word standard used in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and the teaching method of Chinese characters as a foreign language. Finally, through the two parallel classes of two rounds of examination paper statistics and analysis. We find that the class using the word-based teaching is obviously better than the one of the word-based teaching, whether in the aspect of word-to-word mastering or in the aspect of Chinese character writing ability.
【学位授予单位】：湖北工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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