跨文化交际中的汉韩委婉语对比研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 08:37

本文关键词： 委婉语汉语委婉语韩语委婉语对比分析针对性得体性　出处：《北京外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】："委婉语"是在生活中普遍存在的语言现象,它涉及各民族的历史、文化、心理等各方面。大部分人在生活中频繁使用。如果在交际中不使用"委婉语",在各种情景下都使用直接表达的话,在交际中就会给听话者带来不悦,甚至是尴尬,所以委婉语是交际中不能避开的表达方式之一。笔者在实习的过程中,发现HSK6级水平的几个韩国学生经常把韩语中的词直接翻译,无意识地说"我奶奶死了"、"我的下体很胖,所以最近去健身房运动"、"她的下体很苗条,好羡慕"、"下体障碍者"等的偏误,由此引发了笔者如下的三个思考,意识到了对委婉语教学的必要性:首先,第二语言学习者用外语的时候使不使用委婉语;第二,如果不太使用的话他们本身有没有使用委婉语的意识;第三,如果在使用母语时有委婉语意识的话,为什么说外语时候时却没有了。在这个思路的基础上,根据前人的研究成果,本文首先分析了汉韩委婉语的范畴与特点,并对委婉语的主要语法方面、语义方面以及功能方面进行对比。通过对十本对外汉语教师普遍使用的中高级对外汉语教材上的委婉语词条与在北大语料库中有实用性的委婉语词条的分析,用比较实用的委婉语来探讨在实际语言环境中如何用委婉语来得体地表达说话人的意愿。论文的主体部分,第三章首先从语法形式与句法功能的角度来分析,在由韩语汉字词构成的委婉语部分对汉韩同形同义的委婉语进行分析,在由韩语固有词构成的委婉语部分,从语法形式与功能的关系角度进行偏误分析,从中了解韩国的汉语学习者在实际运用当中可能会遇到的问题。其次,语义的角度对委婉语进行对比分析,根据汉韩委婉语的分类,以及在语义表达形式上的差异,分别对比分析了汉韩委婉语中"语义相同表达形式相同、语义相同表达形式相近、语义相同表达形式相异的委婉语,以及语义相近表达形式相同、语义相近表达形式相异和语义相异表达形式相近"的委婉语。最后,从语用功能的角度对汉韩委婉语进行对比。同时,本文还对在中国境内和韩国国内的学习者学习汉语的情况进行了问卷调查,对在中国的留学生和在韩国学习汉语的学习者委婉语的掌握与使用情况做出统计,对他们的偏误进行分析。在比较理论研究与实际调查研究结果的基础上,本文还尝试提出了具有针对性、实际性的教学建议,希望对汉语教师的词汇和语用教学,以及韩国汉语学习者对委婉语的正确掌握提供有益的参考。
[Abstract]:Euphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in daily life, which involves the history, culture, psychology of all ethnic groups. Most people use euphemism frequently in life, if they do not use euphemism in communication. The use of direct expression in various situations will bring displeasure or even embarrassment to the hearer in communication, so euphemism is one of the expressions that can not be avoided in communication. It was found that several Korean students at the HSK6 level often translate Korean words directly, unconsciously saying "my grandmother is dead" and "my lower body is very fat, so I recently went to the gym to exercise". "her lower body is very slim, so envy", "lower body barrier" bias, which triggered the author of the following three thoughts, aware of the necessity of euphemism teaching: first. Second language learners do not use euphemism when using a foreign language; Second, if they don't use much, they don't have a sense of using euphemisms themselves; Third, if there is euphemism in the use of mother tongue, why not when speaking a foreign language. On the basis of this idea, according to previous research results. This paper first analyzes the category and characteristics of Chinese and Korean euphemism, and the main grammatical aspects of euphemism. By comparing the semantic and functional aspects, this paper analyzes the euphemism entries in ten middle and advanced TCFL textbooks commonly used by TCFL teachers and the practical euphemism entries in the Peking University corpus. Using practical euphemism to explore how to use euphemism to appropriately express the speaker's wishes in the actual language environment. The main part of the thesis, the third chapter, from the perspective of grammatical form and syntactic function. In the part of euphemism which is composed of Korean Chinese characters, the euphemism of Chinese and Korean synonyms is analyzed. In the part of euphemism, the relation between grammatical form and function is analyzed in the part of euphemism which is made up of Korean inherent words. From the understanding of Korean Chinese learners in the practical use of the problems that may be encountered. Secondly, semantic perspective of euphemism comparative analysis, according to the classification of Chinese and Korean euphemism. As well as the differences in the semantic expression form, the paper compares and analyzes the euphemisms in Chinese and Korean euphemism which have the same form of semantic expression, the same form of semantic expression and the different form of semantic expression. And the similar semantic expression form is the same, the semantic similar expression form is different and the semantic different expression form is similar "euphemism". Finally, from the pragmatic function angle carries on the contrast to the Chinese and the Korean euphemism. At the same time. This paper also makes a questionnaire survey on Chinese learners in China and South Korea, and makes statistics on the mastering and using of euphemism among students studying Chinese in China and learning Chinese in Korea. On the basis of comparing the results of theoretical research and actual investigation, this paper also tries to put forward some specific and practical teaching suggestions. This paper hopes to provide useful reference for the vocabulary and pragmatic teaching of Chinese teachers and the correct mastery of euphemism by Korean Chinese learners.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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