西汉幽州边防体系研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 19:15

本文关键词： 西汉幽州边防体系匈奴军事　出处：《江苏师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西汉时期,汉武帝在帝国东北边境建置幽州刺史部,简称幽州,其辖境主要包括今河北省中北部,北京地区,辽宁省几近全境以及朝鲜半岛北部地区,下辖九郡一国,周边与并州、冀州、青州和兖州临近,北边则与匈奴和乌桓接壤。幽州地理形势险要,物产资源比较丰富;人口稀少且分布不均,交通比较发达。幽州是西汉帝国北部边境的战略要地,因而其边防体系的建设与完善便成为了国家边防建设的重点。一、军队力量。在领导体系上,幽州各郡守为一郡之最高军事长官,握有兵权,下设十一(部)都尉及长史辅佐掌兵;在军队构成上,幽州的军队主要有边郡兵,数量众多,又置将屯兵强化防务,推测还有屯田兵;在军队将领上,主要选择有军事才能之人。二、防御设施。幽州长城基本沿用战国时期的燕北长城,并在其基础上加以修缮;因循长城而置障塞和烽燧,数量众多,分布密集,置戍卒于其中负责候望。三、后勤保障。农牧业方面,幽州的农业发展情况不容乐观,需要内地转输以及出战时就地补给,且建有仓储系统,综合运用各种补给方式,在一定程度上保证了粮食供给;幽州牧业比较发达,马匹养殖上占有优势。武器补给方面,幽州地区设有武库,既可贮藏兵器,也可生产兵器。四、移民政策。幽州人口稀少,边境空虚。为了弥补人口缺失和提高边防能力,西汉政府进行移民充实幽州地区。五、乌桓内迁。汉武帝对匈奴发动了数次有效的军事反击,使乌桓摆脱了匈奴的束缚,后乌桓南迁于幽州塞外地区,为幽州边防体系增添了一道新防线,强化了幽州的边防力量。幽州边防体系在西汉时期发挥出了巨大的军事作用。幽州边防体系对匈奴采取积极防御的战略,数次对匈奴进行反击,斩获颇丰,充分发挥出了御敌驱寇的军事功能,并且自始至终都保持着积极防御的状态。与此同时,幽州边防体系与北方防线当中的中段防线与西段防线共同构成了对匈奴的战略包围,从而对匈奴实施了全面有效的军事反击。西汉幽州边防体系的建立与完善具有重要的军事意义和深远的社会影响。军事意义方面,西汉帝国东北地区的和平与稳定得到了确切的保障;在北方防线中,幽州边防体系形成时间最早、建设时间最充分,在西汉前期为帝国赢得了生存和发展的环境,具有重要的战略地位;在边防建设的过程中,幽州地方军事实力日渐雄厚,于两汉之际助刘秀争得天下,建立东汉帝国。社会影响方面,幽州地方尚武之风愈显浓烈,地方文化带有浓厚的军事化色彩;汉文化也在边防建设的推动下对外传播到了乌桓与朝鲜地区,促进了民族交流与民族融合。
[Abstract]:During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu built a department for the history of the thorns in the northeast border of the empire, known as "Huizhou". Its jurisdiction mainly includes the central and northern parts of Hebei Province, the Beijing region, the nearly entire territory of Liaoning Province, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with nine counties under its jurisdiction. Adjacent to Huizhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou and Yanzhou, and to the north are bordered by Hun and Wuhuan. The geographical situation of Huizhou is dangerous, and the resources of its products are relatively rich; its population is small and its distribution is uneven. The transportation is relatively developed. Huizhou is the strategic center of the northern border of the Western Han Empire, so the construction and improvement of its border defense system has become the focal point of the national border defense construction. First, the military force. In the leadership system, Each county in Huizhou is the highest military officer in one county, holding the military power, and there are eleven (or ministries) under the command of the chief military officer. In terms of the composition of the army, the army of the city is mainly composed of border county soldiers, with a large number of troops, and they also have troops to strengthen their defense. Presumably, there are also soldiers in the army who have military aptitude. Second, the defense facilities. The Great Wall in Huizhou basically follows the the Great Wall of the warring States period and repairs it on its basis; and it follows the Great Wall as a barrier and as a beacon. There are numerous, densely distributed garrison soldiers in charge of waiting for look-and-see. Third, in terms of agricultural and animal husbandry, the agricultural development of Huizhou is not optimistic. It needs inland transportation and local supply during the war, and a warehousing system is in place. The comprehensive use of various methods of supply has ensured the supply of grain to a certain extent; the animal husbandry in Huizhou is relatively developed, and horse breeding has an advantage. In the area of weapons supply, there are arsenals in the region of Huizhou, which can store weapons as well as produce weapons. 4. Immigration policy. In order to make up for the lack of population and improve the border defense capability, the Western Han government carried out immigration to enrich the area of Huizhou. Fifth, Wu Huan moved internally. The Emperor of the Han Dynasty launched several effective military counter-attacks against the Xiongnu. Wu Huan got rid of the shackles of the Xiongnu, and later he moved south to the outside of the Huizhou fortress, adding a new line of defense to the border defense system of the city. The border defense system in the Western Han Dynasty played a great military role. The frontier defense system of the city adopted an active defense strategy against the Xiongnu, and carried out several counter-attacks against the Xiongnu. It has brought into full play the military function of resisting the enemy and exorcising the invaders, and has maintained a state of active defense throughout. At the same time, the border defense system of the city of Huizhou and the central and western lines of defense in the northern defense line together constitute a strategic siege to the Huns. The establishment and perfection of the border defense system of the Western Han Dynasty has important military significance and far-reaching social influence. The peace and stability in the northeast of the Western Han Dynasty were guaranteed. In the northern defense line, the frontier defense system of Yuzhou was the earliest formed and the most adequate time of construction, and it won the survival and development environment for the empire in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty. In the process of border defense construction, the local military strength of Yuzhou became more and more powerful. During the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu won the world and established the Eastern Han Empire. In terms of social influence, the wind of the local martial arts in Yuzhou became stronger and stronger. The local culture had a strong militarization color; the Han culture also spread to Wuhuan and Korea under the impetus of border defense construction, which promoted ethnic exchanges and ethnic integration.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K234.1

【相似文献】