梅洛—庞蒂的自然之思探析

发布时间：2018-02-27 20:51

本文关键词： 自然身体知觉肉　出处：《上海社会科学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：梅洛-庞蒂逝世前在法兰西学院开设了一门名为"自然"的课程,在其猝然离世后,他的助手将他的教学大纲、备课笔记等手稿整理出来,于1994年付梓成书。透过这部著作,我们可以看到梅洛-庞蒂在最后几年中,一直对"自然"主题抱有极大的研究兴趣。本文主要以此书为研究文本,在书中,梅洛-庞蒂对自笛卡尔开始到他所生活的二十世纪中期的典型自然观念进行了梳理,并且结合当时最新的生物学对有机体的研究和物理学中时空观念的变革成果,对自然做了一次全方位的考察。这种考察既包含了对自然本身的存在方式的考察,这是属于物理学的研究范畴;又包含对人的身体、身体和自然的关系以及这种关系如何影响我们对自然的认识的探索,笔者认为这是属于哲学的领地。在人与自然的关系以及这种关系形成过程的揭示中,包含着我们的认识论和本体论思考,因此,也必定影响着我们的行为方式和存在方式。在欧洲文化危机的背景中,梅洛-庞蒂对这一主题的关注显得顺理成章。正是自笛卡尔开始的二元对立的思维模式导致了理性主义和科学态度的过度膨胀,进而产生了一系列的现代性危机,对理性运用范围和方式的反思是当时的许多哲学家共同关注的问题,梅洛-庞蒂对二元对立的思维模式的反叛就是在这样的背景中开始的。现象学和存在主义都是他反叛之路上的有效手段,对身体、知觉、意义、存在等主题的思考最后汇总成了他对自然的反思。重现他的反思和他在反思过程中构建一种以"世界之肉"为基本元素的新型本体论的尝试是本文的主要目标。
[Abstract]:Before Melo Ponty's death, he offered a course called "Nature" at the French Academy. After his sudden death, his assistants sorted out his syllabus, prepared notes and other manuscripts, which were published in 1994. We can see that Melo Ponty has been very interested in the subject of Nature for the last few years. Melo Ponty combed the typical natural ideas from Descartes to his life in the middle of 20th century, and combined with the latest biology of the time to study organisms and revolutionize the idea of time and space in physics. A comprehensive investigation of nature. This investigation not only includes the examination of the way in which nature itself exists, which belongs to the study of physics, but also includes the body of man. The relationship between body and nature and how it affects the exploration of our understanding of nature is the domain of philosophy. Including our epistemology and ontological thinking, therefore, must also affect the way we behave and the way we exist. In the context of the European cultural crisis, Melo-Ponty 's attention to this subject is natural. It is the dualistic mode of thinking which has led to the excessive expansion of rationalism and scientific attitude since Descartes, and has resulted in a series of crisis of modernity. The reflection on the scope and mode of rational application was a common concern of many philosophers at that time. It was against this background that Melo Ponty's revolt against dualistic patterns of thinking began. Phenomenology and existentialism were all effective means of his rebellious path, to the body, to perception, to meaning, The main goal of this paper is to reproduce his reflection on nature and to construct a new ontology with "flesh of the world" as the basic element in the process of reflection.
【学位授予单位】：上海社会科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B089

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