后学院科学时代科学共同体责任伦理研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 08:30

本文关键词： 后学院科学时代科学共同体责任伦理核心律令　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入后学院科学时代以来,科学呈现出稳态化、复杂化的特点,科学技术与社会深度融合,呈现出一体化、系统化的趋势,这深刻影响着科学共同体的行为方式并出现了一些负面的问题,导致科学共同体的责任伦理问题引起广泛的关注,客观上要求科学共同体必须把责任伦理放在科学研究的首位,责任伦理成为后学院科学时代科学共同体伦理研究的焦点。近代的自由论、德行论、契约论等思想已经强调了责任的重要性,这都是科学共同体必须承担责任的理论基础,马克斯·韦伯1919年提出责任伦理的概念,汉斯·约纳斯1979年出版《责任原理一工业文明伦理尝试》开始将责任伦理纳入科学共同体的伦理实践范畴并期待发挥价值导向的作用,责任伦理是后学院科学时代对伦理规范提出的新要求。责任理论的核心律令包括:“人类生存”、“生存的好”、“人是目的”、“可获得的善”四个层次,科学共同体的伦理建设面临的困境主要表现在本体论基础的“是之责”和后学院科学时代要求的“应尽之责”之间产生裂缝进而挑战了责任伦理核心律令:利益导向忽视了弱势对象对“人类生存”的挑战、责任意识弱化忽略自然责任对“生存的好”的挑战、求用的目的性扩张对“人是目的”的挑战及忽视无回报的非相互责任对“可获得的善”的挑战,这要求我们重新建构后学院科学时代的科学共同体的责任伦理,并注重责任伦理核心律令在科学共同体实践过程中的导向作用。建构科学共同体的责任伦理从知责尽责、明责履责、追责问责三个路径展开。借助约纳斯等国内外责任伦理研究的成果,实现科学共同体的“是之责”和“应之责”的统一,把知与行结合起来,把理念与实践结合起来,把目的与手段结合起来。只有切实解决好责任伦理方面的问题才可能使人类真正的享受到科技进步带来的健康和谐的发展。
[Abstract]:Since entering the era of post-college science, science has shown the characteristics of steady-state and complication. This has deeply affected the behavior of the scientific community and brought some negative problems, which led to the widespread concern about the responsibility ethics of the scientific community, which objectively requires the scientific community to put the responsibility ethics in the first place in scientific research. Responsibility ethics has become the focus of the scientific community ethics research in the post-college scientific era. The modern ideas of freedom, morality and contract have emphasized the importance of responsibility, which is the theoretical basis on which the scientific community must bear responsibility. In 1919, Max Weber put forward the concept of responsibility ethics. In 1979, Hans Jonas published "the principle of responsibility: an attempt at the Ethics of Industrial Civilization." he began to bring responsibility ethics into the ethical practice category of the scientific community and expected to play a value-oriented role. Responsibility ethics is a new requirement for ethical norms in the post-college scientific era. The core legal orders of the theory of responsibility include: "human existence", "good survival", "man is the purpose", "available goodness". The dilemma faced by the construction of ethics in the scientific community is mainly manifested in the crack between the "responsibility of being", which is based on ontology, and the "duty to do", which is required by the post-college scientific era, and then challenges the core law of responsibility ethics: interests. The orientation ignores the challenge to the "survival of mankind" posed by the vulnerable, The weakening of responsibility consciousness neglects the challenge of natural responsibility to "good existence", the challenge of seeking purpose expansion to "man is the aim" and the challenge of ignoring non-reciprocal responsibility without return to "the good that can be obtained". This requires us to re-construct the responsibility ethics of the scientific community in the post-college scientific era, and pay attention to the guiding role of the core law and order of the responsibility ethics in the practice of the scientific community. With the help of the achievements of Jonas and other domestic and international research on responsibility ethics, we can achieve the unity of "the responsibility of being" and "the responsibility of duty" in the scientific community, and combine knowledge with action. Only by combining the idea with practice, the end and means, can we truly enjoy the healthy and harmonious development brought about by the progress of science and technology.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-057

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