运动技能水平对多目标追踪能力影响的fMRI研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 16:36

本文选题：多目标追踪　切入点：篮球运动员　出处：《上海体育学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：视觉注意在运动中具有重要的作用。在团体运动中,运动员必须同时监控多个队友的活动以及他们所在的位置。多目标追踪实验范式用于研究我们的视觉系统是如何同时追踪多个移动的物体,以及动态情境下的持续视觉注意。已有研究表明,与没有运动经验的被试相比,专业运动员具有更好的多目标追踪能力,在多目标追踪任务中对于分心物的抗干扰能力更强。同时随着目标数量增多,专业运动员在多目标追踪过程中的追踪正确率显著优于没有运动经验的被试。然而,专业运动员拥有更好追踪能力的神经机制还不清楚。多目标追踪的磁共振成像研究表明,顶上小叶在注意转换中起作用。注意转换理论模型表明,注意转换是多目标追踪过程的重要阶段,注意转换的能力直接影响多目标追踪的能力。因此,本研究假设随着注意负荷的增加篮球运动员与对照组追踪能力的差异增加,顶上小叶的激活增加。本研究以篮球运动员为例,利用功能性磁共振成像技术,采用组块设计,探究运动员和对照组在不同注意负荷(追踪2、3、4个目标对象)条件下进行多目标追踪的脑功能激活模式。本研究考察篮球运动员(13名)和对照组(14人)在追踪2、3、4个目标对象时大脑的激活以及两组被试之间激活脑区的差异。结果发现:(1)行为结果方面,篮球运动员和对照组被试在追踪2个目标对象时正确率没有显著性差异(p0.05),但是在追踪3个目标对象和4个目标对象时正确率均有显著差异(p0.05);而且,在追踪4个目标对象时,篮球运动员和对照组之间正确率的差异最大。(2)f MRI结果方面,与对照组相比,篮球运动员在追踪2、3、4个目标对象时共同激活的脑区包括右侧额中回、左侧小脑脚1/2、右侧颞上回/颞中回、右侧角回/枕中回;反过来,与篮球运动员相比,对照组在追踪2、3、4个目标对象时激活的脑区包括右侧枕上回/楔前叶。(3)组别(篮球运动员和对照组)和注意负荷(追踪2、3、4个目标对象)有交互作用的脑区是顶上小叶。结论:专业运动员具有更好的多目标追踪能力,随着注意负荷的增加,这种优势表现得更加明显。随着注意负荷的增加,运动员在顶上小叶有更高的激活。追踪能力的差异是由注意转换造成的。研究结果为运动训练实践和注意的神经机制研究提供了实践基础和理论依据。
[Abstract]:Visual attention plays an important role in sports. Athletes must monitor the activities of multiple teammates and their positions at the same time. The multi-target tracking paradigm is used to study how our visual system tracks multiple moving objects at the same time. And sustained visual attention in dynamic situations. Previous studies have shown that professional athletes have a better ability to track multiple goals than subjects who have no sports experience. With the increase of the number of targets, the tracking accuracy of professional athletes is significantly better than that of the subjects who have no sports experience. The neural mechanism of a professional athlete's ability to better track is unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of multi-target tracking show that the upper parietal lobules play a role in attention switching. Attention conversion is an important stage in the process of multi-objective tracking, and the ability of attention conversion directly affects the ability of multi-target tracking. Therefore, this study assumes that the difference between basketball players' ability of tracking and that of the control group increases with the increase of attention load. The activation of the upper parietal lobules was increased. In this study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a block design was used for basketball players. This study explored the brain function activation pattern of multi-target tracking between athletes and control group under different attention loads (tracking 2X 3s, 4 target objects). This study investigated 13 basketball players and 14 control subjects. The activation of brain in target subjects and the differences in activation of brain regions between the two groups. The results showed that: 1) the behavioral outcome, There was no significant difference in the correct rate between the basketball players and the control group in tracking the two target objects, but there was significant difference in the correct rate between the three and the four target objects. Moreover, when tracking the four target objects, there was a significant difference in the accuracy rate between the basketball players and the control group, and in the tracking of the four target objects, there were significant differences in the accuracy rates between the basketball players and the controls. The difference between the correct rate of basketball players and the control group was greatest. In comparison with the control group, the brain areas activated by the basketball players in tracking 2s and 3s included the middle frontal gyrus of right side, compared with the control group, and compared with the control group, the right middle frontal gyrus was involved in the brain activation of the basketball players. 1 / 2 of the left cerebellar foot, right superior temporal / middle temporal gyrus, right angle / middle occipital gyrus; in turn, compared with basketball players, In the control group, the active brain areas of the 4 target subjects included the right superior occipital gyrus / precuneal lobe group (basketball players and the control group) and the attention load (tracking the 2s 3s, 4 target objects). Conclusion: professional athletes have better multi-target tracking ability, With the increase of attention load, this advantage is more obvious. The difference in tracking ability is caused by the change of attention. The results provide a practical basis and theoretical basis for the study of the neural mechanism of exercise training and attention.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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