儒家视野下房玄龄政治思想研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 21:37

本文选题：房玄龄　切入点：政治思想　出处：《长江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：贞观之治是中国封建社会著名的治世,房玄龄作为贞观统治集团的重要成员,与杜如晦一起创造了“房谋杜断”的佳话。研究唐朝政治思想,必须研究贞观之治;研究贞观之治,必须研究房玄龄。思想决定实践,研究房玄龄的政治思想中的儒家色彩,既有利于找到形成贞观之治的思想原因,也有利于加深对儒家政治思想的理解和认识。本文共分五章。第一章仔细梳理了房玄龄的生平事迹,以求对房玄龄本人有一个全面的了解。作者认为,房玄龄人生经历大致以38岁投靠李世民为界,在此之前,房玄龄处于人生的潜伏期,思想逐渐成熟,择主而事。在此之后,房玄龄辅佐李世民平息各路武装力量,为唐朝政权的建立和稳定做出了重要贡献。第二章对房玄龄的老师、朋友和同事进行思想梳理。物以类聚、人以群分,老师对学生、朋友之间思想影响是明显的,能够保持良好朋友、同事关系,往往在思想上也有一定的共鸣之处,通过揭示房玄龄师友思想的共同特点,也能从侧面分析出房玄龄的政治思想特征。第三章将房玄龄关于民本思想、吏治思想、人才思想、法治思想、民族和国防思想的表现与实践进行了梳理和分析,从政治实践中去寻找儒家政治理念的烙印。房玄龄在政治实践中反对穷兵黩武、爱惜民力、推行均田等政治实践,具有“不让一物失所”的民本思想。在吏治方面,房玄龄大刀阔斧进行机构改革,将全国州县裁撤三分之一到二分之一,将文武官员精简到643员,同时强化官员工作考核,确保在精简官员队伍的同时行政效率不会降低。在法治方面,房玄龄主张公平正直的法治思想,亲自梳理隋代以来的法律制度,同时对苛法和严刑等条款作出修改,使刑罚更加宽厚平和。在人才思想方面,房玄龄唯才是举,特别是打破士族门阀限制,对寒士出身的才学之士大力举荐,比如举荐了杜如晦、魏收等人,也对李纬等不称职官员含蓄表达了反对意见。第四章将历史上对房玄龄的评价进行汇集和整理,得出后世历史学家对房玄龄整体评价的一致性,即房玄龄政治思想和实践具有明显的儒家政治思想特征。房玄龄是皇帝眼中“运筹帷幄、坐安社稷”的功臣,是群臣眼中“孜孜奉国、知无不为”的良相,也是士大夫文人心中“理致太平、善归人主”的唐室宗臣,这都是儒家政治理念中的从政典范。第五章将房玄龄与萧何、赵普进行比较研究,认为房玄龄的施政是将儒家政治思想理念具体化、实践化。从房玄龄与萧何的比较来看,两人虽然有吏干之才、爱才惜才、谦恭谨慎、善于谋略的共同点,但是,房玄龄相比而言更有文化底蕴、更爱惜民力、更加以诚待人。从房玄龄与赵普的比较来看,两人也具有干练多能、多谋善断、公忠体国的共同点,但是房玄龄更豁达包容、更大公无私、更清廉自守。因此,与前后两朝名相相比,房玄龄更加具有儒家贤良宰相的特点。全文通过对房玄龄的家世渊源的追溯,分析了房玄龄政治思想的来源,也着力挖掘了房玄龄在贞观时期儒家政治思想表现,又从师友共同政治思想、各个层面对房玄龄的历史评价、与前后名相的比较,论证了房玄龄政治思想是以儒家为主导、其他思想为补充的完整思想体系。既有正面分析,也有侧面印证。在论证方法上,既有综合论证,也有比较分析。最后,本文把房玄龄儒家政治理念放在整个儒家思想文化发展的进程中进行分析评价,得出结论,认为房玄龄政治思想是儒家政治理念在初唐这个特定社会背景下的具体与深化,是对从春秋时期以来的儒家政治思想文化的补充、丰富与完善,对于后世儒家政治思想的发展,具有重要而深远的影响。
[Abstract]:Zhenguan is a famous history of feudal society China, fangxuanling Zhenguan as an important member of the ruling group, together with Du Ruhui to create a "union made by heaven" story. Of the Tang Dynasty political thought, must study the rule of Zhenguan; of Zhenguan, must study the fangxuanling. Decision practice, fangxuanling research in the political thought of Confucianism that is conducive to the formation of Zhenguan find ideological reasons, but also conducive to the deepening of the Confucian political thought understanding. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter carefully combed the fangxuanling life story, in order to have a comprehensive understanding of fangxuanling himself. The author thinks that the fangxuanling life experience at the age of 38 to approximately Li Shimin, before this, fangxuanling in life period, thought gradually mature, the wise bird chooses its branch. After that, fangxuanling assisted Li Shimin to quell the various armed forces That has made an important contribution to the establishment and stability of the Tang Dynasty. In the second chapter, teacher of fangxuanling, friends and colleagues thought comb. Like attracts like., teacher to student, Birds of a feather flock together., influence your thoughts is obvious, can maintain good relationship with colleagues, friends, often have some resonance in thought, through the joint to reveal the features of thought can fangxuanling mentorship, analysis of political and ideological characteristics of fangxuanling from the side. The third chapter will fangxuanling on people-oriented thoughts, political thoughts, talent thought, legal thought, ethnic and national defense and practice thought were sorted and analyzed, to find the Confucian idea from the political practice of the brand. Fangxuanling in political practice against militarism, cherish the people, implement the equal political practice, is that no matter and the thought of the people. In the administration of officials, fangxuanling large Begun institutional reform, the abolition of 1/3 counties to 1/2, will be reduced to 643 members of the civil and military officials, and officials to strengthen evaluation work to reduce administrative efficiency not in streamlining the team officials at the same time. In the rule of law, fair and decent Fang Xuanling advocated the thought of the rule of law, combing himself since the Sui Dynasty legal system, at the same time of harsh laws and torture terms made the punishment more generous and peaceful. In the thought of talent, Fang Xuanling is just, especially officials recommend to break the restrictions, poor background, high intellect force, such as recommending Du Wei received Ruhui, et al., also on Li Wei and incompetent officials implicitly expressed opposition to fourth. Chapter of the history of Fang Xuanling's evaluation of collection and sorting, the consistency of the overall evaluation of Fang Xuanling's later historians, namely Fang Xuanling's political thought and Practice Has the obvious characteristics of Confucian political thoughts. Fangxuanling is the eyes of emperor strategizing, sit the "hero," "the eyes are diligently Fengguo all know," good, but also the literati hearts "for peace, good people" Shizong Tang Chen, this is the political model of Confucian political philosophy in the fifth chapter. The fangxuanling and Xiao He Zhao Pu, a comparative study, that is the fangxuanling policy idea of Confucian political thoughts concrete practice. From the comparison, fangxuanling and Xiao He, although the two official dry only, cherish love, humility, common, good strategy but fangxuanling compared with more culture, more cherish people, more honest. From the comparison of fangxuanling and Zhao Pu, two people also have more capable to serve the country in common, resourceful and decisive, but fangxuanling is more open-minded tolerant, more Selfless, more honest automorphic. Therefore, compared with before and after the two dynasties phase, fangxuanling is more Confucian virtuous characteristics. The thesis traced by Prime Minister fangxuanling on family background, analyzes the sources of fangxuanling political thought, also focus on mining the fangxuanling in Confucian political thought of Zhenguan period performance, and from the common ideological and political teachers all aspects of the historical evaluation, fangxuanling, compared with before and after phase, demonstrates the fangxuanling political ideology is Confucianism as the dominant, to complement the complete ideological system of other ideas. Both positive analysis, there are side confirmed. In the demonstration method, both comprehensive demonstration, are also compared. Finally, this paper take fangxuanling Confucian idea in the cultural development of Confucianism in the process of analysis and evaluation, draw the conclusion that, fangxuanling political thought is Confucian political philosophy in the early Tang Dynasty of this particular agency The concrete and deepening of the background is a supplement to the Confucian political and ideological culture since the spring and Autumn period. It enriches and perfected and has an important and far-reaching influence on the development of Confucian political thought in the later age.

【学位授予单位】：长江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K242

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