南朝开国君主称帝进程研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 13:21

本文选题：刘裕　切入点：萧道成　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：南朝,中国历史上政权更迭最为频繁的时期之一。战争兼并,杀人夺权,机关用尽是这个时期的基本活动。而在旷日持久的政权掠夺中,先后培育出了以刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先为代表的具有重建政权、统一全国的新的政治力量,他们以建康(今江苏南京)为都城,先后建立了宋齐梁陈四个王朝。刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先四人先后在入仕之前拥有不同的身世背景,深受不同教育环境的影响。刘裕家贫,自小混迹市井,交友广泛,与各类人频繁接触;萧道成因其父关系,十三岁受业于时著名学者雷次宗,深受儒家思想文化教育启蒙和熏陶,后又随其父征战沙场,并从战斗中汲取战争的经验教训;萧衍因其世家子弟的身份,多与官贵子弟交好,见多识广,博学多通;陈霸先出身寒微,但好学上进,善于谋略。尽管他们的成长过程不一样,但战乱的社会环境背景却为他们的军事化和政治社会化提供了必要的条件,他们都不约而同地选择以从军的方式作为入仕的起点,通过战场上的厮杀,将其个人的品格、智力、才能及勇气等全方位的展现出来,利用战争的胜利,在军事领域崭露头角,并通过功绩逐步的累积来谋取更多的军事利益,从而完成由一个普通百姓到军事将领的身份和角色的转换。随着刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先拥有的军事权力不断增强,为了寻求更好的发展空间,他们以进入政权中枢为新目标。与此同时,维护政权统治的官僚机构腐朽,各地起义军也随之增多,导致战乱频发,地方武装势力割据,皇权被进一步削弱,这样的政治环境为刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先先后崛起创造了机会。皇权一直以来都是由军权保驾护航,政局的混乱,宗室内部的权力斗争,使得更多朝臣转向投奔拥有强大军事实力的领军将军,以寻求其在政治上的庇护,这便为当时拥有一定军事势力的刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先提供了权力膨胀的平台。而刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先都以维护现有统治秩序为口号,以“忠孝仁义”为行事立身之基,广招贤能之士归附于自己。刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先为代表的政治军事势力联盟逐渐壮大起来,形成足以影响政局发展的强势力量。同时,刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先也先后完成了由地方军事将领到全国性的政治领袖的转变。随着分别以刘裕、萧道成、萧衍、陈霸先为首的政治军事势力的壮大,致使其个人的政治社会地位日益提升,其君主的自我意识也逐渐形成。他们通过铲除异己、征战外敌等各种方式巩固自己的政治地位,直至其自身的政治社会化已达到一个较高的程度,最终完成了朝代更替。
[Abstract]:In the Southern Dynasty, one of the most frequent periods of regime change in Chinese history, war annexation, killing and seizing power, and organ exhaustion were the basic activities of this period. In the protracted regime plunder, Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng and Xiao Yan were successively cultivated. Chen Baxian, represented by Chen Baxian, has a new political force to rebuild political power and unify the whole country. They took Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) as their capital, and successively established four dynasties, Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, and Xiao Yan, in Song Qi, Liang and Chen dynasties. The four Chen Baxian had different backgrounds before they entered the office, and were deeply influenced by different educational environments. Liu Yu's family was poor, he had mixed up with the market since childhood, he made friends extensively, and he had frequent contacts with all kinds of people. Xiao Daocheng was related to his father. Lei Cizong, a famous scholar who was educated at the age of 13, was deeply enlightened and nurtured by Confucian ideological and cultural education, and later went to war with battlefield with his father, and learned the lessons of war from the battle. Xiao Yan, because of the status of his family and children, was more friendly with the official and expensive children. Chen Ba-hsien came from a humble background, but was eager to learn and advance, and was good at strategy. Although their growth process was different, the social background of the war provided them with the necessary conditions for their militarization and political socialization. They all unanimously chose to join the military as the starting point for their official career. Through fighting on the battlefield, they displayed their personal character, intelligence, talent and courage in an all-round way, making use of the victory of the war to emerge in the military field. And through the gradual accumulation of merit to seek more military benefits, thus completing the transition from an ordinary citizen to a military general's identity and role. As Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, Chen Baxian have increased military power, In order to seek a better space for development, they aim to enter the political center as a new goal. At the same time, the bureaucracy to safeguard the regime's rule is decaying, and the rebel forces in various localities are also increasing, resulting in frequent wars and the separation of local armed forces. The imperial power has been further weakened. This political environment has created opportunities for the rise of Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, and Chen Baxian one after another. The imperial power has always been accompanied by military power, political chaos, and power struggle within the clan. So that more courtiers turned to leading generals with strong military power in order to seek their political asylum. This was for Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng and Xiao Yan, who had certain military influence at that time. Chen Baxian provided a platform for the expansion of power. Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, and Chen Baxian all adopted the slogan of maintaining the existing ruling order, taking "loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness" as the basis for their actions. The broad recruitment of talented people was attached to themselves. Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, Chen Baxian, the alliance of political and military forces represented by Chen Baxian, gradually grew up and formed a powerful force sufficient to influence the development of the political situation. At the same time, Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, Chen Baxian has also successively completed the transformation from local military to national political leaders. With the expansion of the political and military forces headed by Liu Yu, Xiao Daocheng, Xiao Yan, and Chen Baxian respectively, their personal political and social status has been increasingly upgraded. The self-consciousness of their monarchs also gradually formed. They consolidated their political status by eliminating dissidents and invading foreign enemies until their own political socialization had reached a higher degree and finally completed the replacement of the dynasty.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K239.1

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