汉语反身代词“自己”的理解研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 02:34

本文选题：自己　切入点：汉语反身代词　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：反身代词的研究是语言学领域一个颇具争议的话题。根据乔姆斯基的约束理论,照应语必须在本管辖语域内受到约束,但汉语反身代词"自己"可以且经常跨越其所在的管辖语域受到约束,这违背了约束理论的限制条件。许多语言学家发现了这一问题并对约束理论同汉语照应语的适应性展开了激烈的讨论,他们从句法学、语用学、语义学等不同层面对"自己"的理解进行了理论解释和规则提炼,取得了丰硕的成果,先后提出了参数化分析法、逻辑移位说、新格赖斯语用学分析法等理论方法,但是这些理论在解释"自己"的用法过程中均存在或多或少的缺陷。近年来越来越多研究者开始关注语义因素对"自己"的理解所产生的影响,他们发现动词的语义指向或者主语的性质会影响"自己"的理解结果,但现有的研究仅限于理论讨论阶段,研究结果有待实验的具体验证,此外,除了动词与主语,句中还有其他语义成分如主语修饰语、动词修饰语等,这些成分对"自己"的理解所产生的影响也有待考察。为了更加全面地考察语义因素对"自己"的理解所产生的影响,本研究从组合原则出发,开展了一项心理语言学实验来验证动词、主语修饰语和动词修饰语是否会影响自己的理解以及探究这三类语义成分是如何影响这一语言加工过程的。调查采用纸笔测验的方式,以自制测试卷为测试工具,选择52名研究生来进行72个实验句的先行词判断测验,每个实验句均包含反身代词"自己"和两个候选先行词,实验后采用卡方检验的方式进行数据分析。测验结果验证了语义成分确实会影响"自己"的理解,而且语义指向不同的成分对"自己"的理解结果影响也不同。外指向动词通常引导"自己"指向距其较远的先行词,内指向动词则引导"自己"指向距其较近的先行词,多指向动词通常引导"自己"指向距其较远的先行词;外指向形容词通常引导"自己"指向距其较远的先行词,内指向形容词和多指向形容词不能引导"自己"选择唯一一个名词短语作为其先行语;外指向副词通常引导"自己"指向距其较远的先行词,内指向副词则引导"自己"指向距其较近的先行词,多指向副词不能引导"自己"选择唯一一个名词短语作为其先行语。这些发现证明了句法操作不是语言加工的唯一决定标准,语义操作同样会影响语言加工并且反作用于传统句法操作。此外,句法结构与语义影响强度会影响语义成分对"自己"的理解所产生的作用。
[Abstract]:The study of reflexive pronouns is a controversial topic in the field of linguistics. According to Chomsky's constraint theory, anaphora must be restricted in this jurisdiction. However, the Chinese reflexive pronoun "oneself" can and is often restricted across its jurisdiction register. Many linguists have discovered this problem and launched a heated discussion on the adaptability of constraint theory to Chinese anaphora. Semantics and other different levels of understanding of "oneself" have been theoretical interpretation and rule refining, and have achieved fruitful results, have put forward the parameterized analysis method, logical shift theory, new Grice pragmatic analysis and other theoretical methods. In recent years, more and more researchers have begun to pay more and more attention to the influence of semantic factors on the understanding of "oneself". They found that the semantic direction of the verb or the nature of the subject will affect the understanding of "oneself", but the existing research is limited to the stage of theoretical discussion, and the results of the study need to be verified by experiments, in addition to verbs and subjects. There are other semantic elements in the sentence, such as subject modifier, verb modifier and so on. The influence of these elements on the understanding of "oneself" also needs to be examined. Based on the principle of combination, this study conducted a psycholinguistic experiment to verify verbs. Whether the subject modifier and the verb modifier affect their understanding and how the three semantic components affect the processing of the language. Fifty-two graduate students were selected to test the antecedents of 72 experimental sentences. Each sentence contained the reflexive pronoun "oneself" and two candidate antecedents. After the experiment, chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Moreover, different elements of semantic pointing have different effects on the understanding of "oneself". External directional verbs usually guide "oneself" to the antecedents farther away from them, while internal pointing verbs lead to "oneself" pointing to antecedents closer to them. A multi-directional verb usually leads "oneself" to a antecedent farther away from it, and an external pointing adjective usually directs "oneself" to a distant antecedent. Internal and multi-directional adjectives cannot lead "oneself" to choose only one noun phrase as its antecedent, while external adverbs usually lead to "oneself" pointing to antecedents which are far away from them. The inner pointing adverbs lead "oneself" to the antecedents that are closer to them. Multi-point adverbs cannot lead "oneself" to choose only one noun phrase as its antecedent. These findings prove that syntactic manipulation is not the only criterion for language processing. Semantic manipulation also affects language processing and counteracts to traditional syntactic manipulation. In addition, syntactic structure and semantic influence intensity will affect the effect of semantic components on the understanding of "oneself".
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2

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