未来取向对跨期选择的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:26

本文选题：跨期选择　切入点：形式效应　出处：《贵州师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：跨期选择是指对不同时间点的结果进行权衡或比较,从而做出选择的行为。是追求短期的经济迅速发展而不惜破坏生态环境还是维护保存生态环境以寻求长远的利益发展?是为了保持长期良好的身材而合理减少饮食还是满足短期的饮食快感?是选择及时行乐还是放弃眼前的享乐努力学习或工作,以获得将来更大的成就感?现代经济学之父亚当斯密也在《富国论》中指出,跨期选择不只影响一个人的健康、财富与幸福,也关系到一个国家的经济繁荣程度。个体的跨期选择行为受到诸如压力、情景、大小效应、动态不一致效应等因素的影响。为了验证跨期选择中“形式效应”的存在,考察获得与损失情境中个体选择行为的异同,并探讨不同未来取向水平对不同条件下个体跨期选择行为的影响。本研究整理了前人研究的思路和进展,设计三个实验层层递进,分别采用单因素被试内实验设计、两因素被试内实验设计和三因素混合实验设计,逐一验证研究中待解决的问题。结果显示,高未来取向被试的时间折扣率显著低于低未来取向被试的时间折扣率;对于低未来取向被试组,获得情境中的时间折扣率显著高于损失情境中的时间折扣率;未来取向、时间描述方式和情境这三个因素的交互作用显著等。基于本文研究结果,笔者得出如下结论:1)在个体跨期选择过程中,存在由时间框架引发的“形式效应”。2)损失情境中也存在“形式效应”,且出现差异的结果与获得情境中的相反。在跨期选择领域里,不能简单的将获得情境中的效果直接转移到损失情景中来。3)低未来取向的个体在做选择时更加急功近利,且在低未来取向个体中,测量情境的不同所导致的被试时间折扣率的显著差异只存在于以“年”为单位的跨期任务描述中;“形式效应”只存在于获得情境中。4)个体的跨期选择方式受到多种因素的共同作用,不同的条件对其影响的程度及效果均不同。
[Abstract]:Intertemporal choice refers to the different time points were weighed or compared, and make a choice. Is the pursuit of short-term economic development at the expense of the destruction of the ecological environment and maintain ecological environment in order to seek long-term development interests? In order to maintain long-term good shape and reasonable to reduce the diet or diet meet short-term pleasure? Choose or give up in front of the pleasure to enjoy learning or work, in order to obtain greater achievement? The father of modern economics, Adams Smith also pointed out on the rich in < >, intertemporal choice not only affect one's health, wealth and happiness, but also related to a country's economic prosperity. Select the behavior of the individual is affected by pressure, scene, size effect, dynamic effect of inconsistent effects and other factors. In order to verify the intertemporal choice in the form of effect, surveys The similarities and differences of individual choice behavior loss situation, and to explore the effects of different levels of the future orientation of individual intertemporal choice behavior under different conditions. The ideas and progress of the previous research in this study, three designed progressive layers, by using single factor within subjects experimental design, two factors within subjects design and three factors mixed experimental design to be solved one by one to verify the problems in the research. The results show that high future orientation were significantly lower than that of the low rate of time discount the future orientation of subjects for the low time discount rate; the future orientation of subjects, obtained in the context of the time discount rate was significantly higher than the loss in the context of time discount rate; future orientation, interaction time to describe these three factors and situation significantly. Based on the results of this study, the author draws the following conclusions: 1) in the inter period selection process, there is Frame caused by the effect of form ".2") also has the effect of form "loss situation, and the difference between the results obtained with the opposite situation. The intertemporal choice in the field, can not simply be obtained in the context of the effect of direct transfer to the loss situation to low.3) the future orientation of the individual in doing when the choice is more quick, and low in the future orientation of the individual, the different measurement scenarios to test significant differences in discount rates only exist in intertemporal units to describe task" years ";" the form effect "exists only in the context of.4) to obtain the intertemporal choice by the individual a variety of factors, and the degree of effect of different conditions on the are different.

【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842

【参考文献】