幼儿心理理论、移情与利他行为的关系

发布时间：2018-04-06 22:06

本文选题：利他行为　切入点：移情　出处：《湖北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：利他行为是心理学界和社会学界普遍关注的一种行为,是儿童发展成熟的标志之一,是在对儿童进行培养的过程中应该高度关注的行为。心理理论是幼儿时期开始获得的对自己和其它个体的心理状态认识和预测的一种能力,而移情则是对他人情绪情感状态的识别、感受并接受的能力,也是利他行为的重要预测源。关于心理理论、移情与利他行为的关系的研究能为利他行为的发展研究提供一定的理论支持,并对培养幼儿良好利他行为具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。本研究以河南省许昌市某幼儿园71名幼儿(男生41名,女生28名)为被试,采用实验法对幼儿心理理论、移情能力和利他行为分别进行测量,来考察三者之间的关系,研究发现:1.幼儿心理理论在年龄上的差异显著(F=4.517,P0.05),多重比较发现,6岁幼儿的心理理论得分显著高于4岁、5岁幼儿。而不同性别、生源地的幼儿心理理论的差异均不显著(t=0.247,P0.05,t=1.093,P0.05)。2.幼儿移情在年龄上差异边缘显著(F=3.035,P0.06),得分均随年龄增长而增长。多重比较发现,6岁幼儿得分显著高于4岁幼儿,5岁幼儿与4岁、6岁幼儿差异均不。不同性别幼儿移情差异不显著(t=-1.444,P0.05)。不同生源地幼儿移情存在显著性差异(t=2.044,P0.05),城市幼儿得分高于农村幼儿。3.幼儿利他行为在年龄上的差异显著,其得分均随年龄增长而增长,虚拟情境利他行为得分显著高于真实情境利他行为得分。在虚拟情境利他、利他行为总分上,6岁幼儿得分显著高于4岁和5岁幼儿,4岁幼儿得分与5岁幼儿得分差异不显著(F=6.360,P0.01,F=6.894,P0.01);在真实情境中,6岁幼儿得分显著高于4岁幼儿,5岁幼儿与这两个年龄组差异不显著(F=5.232,P0.01)。经过配对样本t检验发现,男生、女生两种利他行为得分差异显著(t=7.638,P0.001,t=4.500,P0.001),虚拟情境利他行为得分显著高于真实情境利他行为得分。城市幼儿、农村幼儿两种利他行为得分差异显著(t=6.761,P0.001,t=5.488,P0.001),虚拟情境利他行为得分显著高于真实情境利他行为得分。4.心理理论、移情与虚拟情境的利他行为、真实情境中的利他行为、利他行为呈显著的正相关。心理理论与移情呈显著的正相关。真实情境的利他行为和利他行为呈显著的正相关。5.分别进行虚拟情境利他、真实情境利他对心理理论、移情的回归分析,结果发现,移情水平对虚拟情境利他行为、真实情境利他行为有正向预测作用,而心理理论对两种情境的利他行为预测作用不显著。6调节作用分析发现,移情对虚拟情境的利他为和心理理论的调节作用不显著,对真实情境的利他行为和心理理论存在显著的调节作用。基于以上研究结果,并结合已有研究结论,建议家长和幼儿教师可以通过对幼儿进行移情训练或树立榜样等方法来促进幼儿利他行为的发展,为国家和社会培养一个具有良好利他行为的社会人。
[Abstract]:Altruistic behavior is a kind of behavior which is generally concerned by psychology and social circles. It is one of the signs of children's development and maturity, and should be highly concerned in the process of training children.The theory of mind is the ability to recognize and predict the mental state of oneself and other individuals, and empathy is the ability to recognize, feel and accept the emotional state of others.It is also an important predictor of altruistic behavior.The research on the relationship between empathy and altruistic behavior can provide some theoretical support for the development of altruistic behavior and has important theoretical value and practical significance for the cultivation of good altruistic behavior of young children.In this study, 71 young children (41 boys and 28 girls) from a kindergarten in Xuchang City, Henan Province, were measured with experimental method to investigate the relationship among them.The study found that 1: 1.There were significant differences in the age of children's psychological theory. The scores of children aged 6 years were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years or 5 years old. The scores of children aged 6 years were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years old or 5 years old.However, there was no significant difference in children's psychological theory between different genders and places of origin. There was no significant difference in psychological theory between children of different genders (P 0.05), P 0.05 (1.093) and P 0.05 (2).The difference in age was significant (P 0.06), and the scores increased with the increase of age.The scores of children aged 6 years old were significantly higher than those of children aged 4 years old, 5 years old and 4 years old and 6 years old.There was no significant difference in transference between different genders.There was significant difference in the empathy of children from different areas, and the score of urban children was higher than that of rural children.Children's altruistic behavior had significant difference in age and their scores increased with age. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior.In virtual situations, altruism,There was no significant difference in age group (P 0.01).It was found that there was a significant difference in scores of two altruistic behaviors between boys and girls by paired t-test. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior, and the score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruism behavior.There were significant differences in the scores of two altruistic behaviors between urban and rural children. The score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior, and the score of virtual situation altruistic behavior was significantly higher than that of real situation altruistic behavior.Theory of mind, empathy is positively correlated with altruistic behavior in virtual situation, altruistic behavior in real situation and altruistic behavior.There is a significant positive correlation between psychological theory and empathy.Altruistic behavior in real situation is positively correlated with altruistic behavior. 5.The regression analysis of virtual situation altruism, real situation altruism on theory of mind and empathy shows that empathy level has positive predictive effect on virtual situation altruistic behavior and real situation altruistic behavior.However, the effect of psychological theory on altruistic behavior prediction in two situations was not significant. 6. The results showed that the altruistic effect of empathy on virtual situation and the regulation effect of psychological theory were not significant.The altruistic behavior of real situation and the theory of mind have significant regulating effect.Based on the above results and combined with the existing research conclusions, it is suggested that parents and teachers can promote the development of children's altruistic behavior by means of empathy training or setting an example.Cultivate a social person with good altruistic behavior for the country and society.
【学位授予单位】：湖北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B844.12

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