《国家行政》翻译实践报告

发布时间：2018-04-09 02:21

本文选题：文本类型理论　切入点：专有名词　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,法国政府正在通过预算改革、公共行动现代化、权力下放等措施进行行政改革,反腐工作也开展得有声有色。虽然中法两国的政治制度大为不同,但法国的优秀经验却值得我国借鉴。《国家行政》第三部分详细介绍了法国行政改革的诸多措施,而国内可以查阅的相关中文文献并不多,译作和著作更是寥寥无几,因此将《国家行政》引进我国是有一定价值和意义的。目前大量翻译实践报告所研究的对象都是文学翻译或科技翻译,对社会科学类翻译的探讨并不多。作为社科类学术著作,《国家行政》一书中存在大量行政术语和专有名词、法律标题、行政公文以及千余条注释,文中多长句且结构复杂,如何将其中的有效信息传达给中文读者是本论文所要探讨的主要问题。翻译实践是需要理论指导的。有许多人支持"翻译理论无用",但事实上翻译理论是能够指导和规范实践、描写和解释实践、启发和预测实践的。德国功能派翻译理论家卡特琳娜·赖斯以功能语言学家卡尔·布勒的语言功能三分法为基础,提出了"文本类型理论",将文本划分为信息型、表达型和感染型三类,并明确了三种类型文本对应的翻译策略。《国家行政》属于行政管理教材,以传达信息为主要目的,应被视为信息型文本,这要求译者在翻译时应使用通俗易懂的语言、简单直接地表达信息。本论文以《国家行政》翻译过程中遇到的具体困难为分析对象,如人名、地名、机构组织名称、法律法典名称等专有名词的翻译,行政术语的翻译,结构复杂的长句翻译,脚注的翻译,法律条目与公文的翻译等。译者在对文本进行选择时,通常会出于社会政治动机、艺术审美动机、跨文化交流动机或商业动机。一旦译者确定好将要翻译的文本之后,应着手准备辅助工具,如《世界人名翻译大辞典》、《世界地名翻译大辞典》以及相关学科背景的学术著作或文献等,以提高专有名词和术语的准确性。在翻译过程中和译后校对环节,应保持严谨负责的态度,避免低级错误。在本论文中,作者根据文本类型理论对行政类信息型文本的翻译策略作出总结:1)专有名词的翻译:可采取音译法、直译法、替换法(用中文译名替换原文中的缩略词形式)、保留法(译文中保留外文单词,如Louvois系统);2)术语的翻译:可结合术语易于派生和单义性特征,根据同源词推理其含义,或根据学科背景确定多义词的具体含义;3)长句的翻译:拆分句子结构,根据时间顺序、逻辑顺序等进行重组;4)注释的翻译:标明资料出处的注释保留原文,解释性注释译为中文,既作解释又包含出处的采取保留和翻译相结合的方式;5)公文的翻译:注意用词准确规范、言简意赅,以国内公文为参考。本论文以文本类型理论为理论支撑,对《国家行政》翻译过程中的具体案例进行分析,探索适用于社科类著作的翻译策略和方法,对今后的社科类翻译具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the French government is carrying out administrative reform through budget reform, modernization of public action, decentralization and so on.Although the political systems of China and France are very different, the excellent experience of France is worthy of our country's reference. The third part of "State Administration" introduces in detail many measures of France's administrative reform, but there are not many relevant Chinese documents that can be consulted in China.Therefore, the introduction of State Administration into China is of certain value and significance.At present, a large number of translation practice reports focus on literary translation or scientific translation, but not on social science translation.As an academic work of social sciences, there are a large number of administrative terms and proper nouns, legal titles, administrative documents and more than a thousand notes in the book "State Administration".How to convey the effective information to Chinese readers is the main problem to be discussed in this paper.Translation practice needs theoretical guidance.Many people support that translation theory is useless, but in fact translation theory can guide and standardize practice, describe and explain practice, enlighten and predict practice.Catalina Rice, a German functionalist translation theorist, puts forward a "text type theory" based on the functional linguist Karl Buller's three-way approach of language function, which divides the text into three types: informational, expressive and infective.The corresponding translation strategies of the three types of texts are defined. The State Administration belongs to the administrative teaching material, which aims at conveying information and should be regarded as an informative text, which requires the translator to use a language that is easy to understand in translation.Express information simply and directly.This thesis focuses on the specific difficulties encountered in the translation of National Administration, such as the translation of proper nouns such as personal names, place names, institutional names, legal code names, administrative terms, and long sentences with complex structures.Translation of footnotes, legal entries and official documents, etc.When the translator chooses the text, he is usually motivated by social and political motives, artistic aesthetic motives, cross-cultural communication motives or commercial motives.Once the translator has identified the text to be translated, he or she should prepare auxiliary tools, such as the World Dictionary of Translation of people's names, the World Dictionary of Translation of Geographical names, and academic works or literature on the relevant subject background, etc.To improve the accuracy of proper nouns and terms.In the process of translation and post-translation proofreading, we should maintain a strict and responsible attitude to avoid low-level mistakes.In this thesis, according to the text type theory, the author summarizes the translation strategies of administrative informative texts: translation of proper nouns: transliteration, literal translation,Translation of the terms of substitution (substitution of acronyms in the original text by the Chinese translation name) and reservation (such as the Louvois system): it can be combined with the easy derivation and mononymy characteristics of the term, and the meaning of the congener can be inferred according to the homologue.Or the translation of long sentences with the specific meaning of polysemous words determined according to the background of the subject: the translation of sentence structure, recombination of notes according to time order, logical order, etc.: the annotation indicating the source of the data is retained in the original text,The explanatory notes are translated into Chinese, including the translation of official documents by the combination of reservation and translation: pay attention to the accurate and standardized use of words, concise and concise, and refer to official documents at home.Based on the text type theory, this thesis analyzes the specific cases in the process of translation of National Administration, and explores the translation strategies and methods applicable to the works of social sciences, which is of certain reference value to the translation of social sciences in the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H32

【相似文献】