21世纪俄语新词构词研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 03:12

本文选题：俄语新词　切入点：构词　出处：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言的发展与社会密不可分,而词汇作为语言的根本,同样也是对社会发展变革的一种折射。当今政治经济的变革也使语言发生了变化。这一变化首先反应在它的词汇和构词结构中。本文以21世纪俄语新词语作为研究对象,考察其构词特点,并将研究对象置于与语言发展变化相关联的社会背景语境下,探究新词语的发展趋势。运用分类法,阐释法,例证法梳理俄语新词语的构词发展规律。这也使得本论文的选题更具实践意义:研究材料和结果可用于编制《俄语词汇学》,可以作为材料对比研究中俄词汇发展趋势。本论文由引言、正文、结论、参考文献四部分组成。论文第一章“俄语新词的理论研究”介绍了俄语新词的概念,研究方向,新词划分标准。列举描述了该领域一些学者的著作。虽然术语新词并不是一个新的概念,但直到现在对新词语的界定仍没有明确。本论文选取一些学者对新词的定义:В.Н.雅尔采夫是这样定义新词的:新词(取源于希腊语)指的是在一定的时期,语言中出现的或者在某些文本,语言活动中使用过一次的单词、词组。Н.З.科捷洛夫提出“新词语是词汇的新现象,词汇新现象即一定时间下语言中常用的且以前在语言系统中未以固定形式出现过的单词、成语。”词汇领域的德国学者Т.希帕提出“新词是语言者认为的新用于语言交际中的词汇”。А.В.卡尔宁在论著中强调:“认知新词汇时所具有的新的认知感觉是确立新词汇的标准”。近几年来中国学者们对新词的研究变得越来越普遍,本论文也关注到中国学者对新词的研究。例如,崔熳的《21世纪俄语新词新义词典》,王萍的《俄语新词语语义语境研究》等等。以上各家在不同方面对新词语进行研究,各具特色。第二章“随机词和它的类型”,提到俄语新词就会牵出随机词这一概念,所以在本章对随机词进行了定义,并分析了随机词的语言从属性、构词派生性、语言功能一次性、语境依赖性、表达生动性、称名非必然性、个人归属性等特点,列举了语音随机词、词汇随机词、语法随机新词、语义随机新词等随机新词类型,及其构成特点。第三章“新词构词法的基本问题”,通过对构词法的分析探究新词的结构。这部分会分成词汇新词构成方法和语义新词构成方法。词汇新词构成方法下分为语义紧缩法、词缀法、合词法、缩略法、借用法。语义新词构成方法从引申法和词汇语义法进行研究。概述现代构词进程中新词构词方法的特点。第四章“新词现象的主要趋势”,概述现代传媒中新词构词现象的主要趋势和特点。新词构词现象趋于国际化和民主化。
[Abstract]:The development of language is closely related to society, and vocabulary, as the basis of language, is also a refraction of social development and transformation.Today's political and economic changes have also changed the language.This change is first reflected in its lexical and word-formation structure.This paper takes Russian neologisms in the 21st century as the object of study, investigates their word-formation characteristics, and puts them in the context of social background which is related to the language development and changes, and probes into the development trend of neologisms.Classification, interpretation and illustration are used to sort out the rules of word formation in Russian neologisms.This makes the topic of this thesis more practical: the research materials and results can be used to compile "Russian Vocabulary", and can be used as a comparative study of the development trend of Chinese and Russian vocabulary.This paper consists of four parts: introduction, text, conclusion and reference.The first chapter, "the theoretical study of Russian neologisms", introduces the concept of Russian neologisms, the research direction and the classification criteria of neologisms.Examples describe the works of some scholars in this field.Although the term neologism is not a new concept, the definition of neologism is still unclear.This thesis selects some scholars' definitions of neologisms.Yaltsev defines a new word like this: a new word (taken from Greek) refers to a word or phrase that appears in a certain period of time or has been used once in some text or language activity.Koterov put forward that "New words are new phenomena of vocabulary, which are words and idioms that are commonly used in language for a certain period of time and have not appeared in a fixed form in the language system before."A German scholar in the field of vocabulary.Hippa put forward that "neologisms are the new words used in language communication".In his treatise, Karning emphasizes that "the new cognitive perception of new words is the standard to establish new words".In recent years, the researches on neologisms have become more and more popular in China, and this thesis also pays close attention to the researches on neologisms by Chinese scholars.For example, Cui Ching's Dictionary of New Russian words in the 21st Century, Wang Ping's A study on semantic context of Russian neologisms and so on.Each of the above studies on new words in different aspects, each has its own characteristics.The second chapter, "Random words and their types", refers to the Russian neologism will lead to the concept of random words, so in this chapter the definition of random words, and the analysis of the language attributes of random words, word formation derivative, language function one-time,Based on the characteristics of contextual dependence, expressive vividness, non-inevitability of name, individual attribution, and so on, this paper lists the types of random new words, such as phonetic random words, lexical random words, grammatical random neologisms, semantic random neologisms and so on.Chapter three, "the basic problems of new word formation", explores the structure of new words through the analysis of word formation.This part will be divided into lexical neologism and semantic neologism.Lexical neologisms are divided into semantic contraction, affix, synonym, acronym and borrowing.The method of semantic neologism is studied from extension method and lexical semantic method.This paper summarizes the characteristics of new word formation methods in the process of modern word formation.Chapter four, "the main trend of neologism", summarizes the main trend and characteristics of neologism in modern media.The phenomenon of neologism tends to be internationalized and democratized.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H35

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