中国龙崇拜与图腾信仰辨析

发布时间：2018-04-18 07:26

本文选题：龙形演变 + 崇龙习俗　；参考：《鲁东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：龙,在中国占据着重要地位,数千年来,龙已经成为一种文化积淀,成为中国的象征,乃至中华民族都被称为“龙的传人”。崇龙习俗有着悠久的历史,经过几千年的传承,龙文化已渗透到中国社会的方方面面,反映在人们日常生活的各个层面,对整个中国社会的发展都产生了极大的影响。而关于中国龙崇拜相关问题的研究一直是史学界、社会学界的重要课题,对中国龙崇拜性质的探讨也从未停止过,对相关问题的研究将会对社会各界产生广泛影响。本文以中原地区,汉族群众中的崇龙习俗作为主要的研究对象,将着重从以下几个方面展开论述:第一,关于龙形演变问题,从中国古史文献的记载中寻找线索,推究出龙形大致经历了原始龙期、夔龙期、飞龙期、行龙期、黄龙期五个发展阶段,至明清时期基本定型,由简单到繁杂、由抽象到形象,成为今天所见到的龙的样貌。在此基础上发现历史上龙的功用,除了是施行巫术的对象,主要扮演着求雨的雨神角色;至于后来,则成为皇权的专属象征物。第二,秦汉以后,龙逐渐成为专制皇权的专属物件。通过对舆服制度的详细考察,以及第一面国旗——龙旗的出现,论证龙与皇权的关系:龙是专制皇权的象征,为皇家所私有,其他人不得染指。统治者更是利用人们的崇龙心理,达到强化统治的目的。第三,通过对与龙相关的民俗的考察,以龙王庙的设立、“二月二”龙抬头节节俗、端午节龙舟竞渡这一民俗活动为线索,展现民间龙崇拜的虔诚。龙作为人民大众所崇拜的对象,在人们心中具有极大的神性,在民间信仰中以对其保护神和水神角色的崇拜作为主要表现形式。第四,借助传统文献记载以及西方相关图腾理论的研究成果,从图腾事物的基本特征、图腾禁忌、图腾仪式等方面出发,立足中国,与中国龙崇拜的表现形式进行对比研究,发掘其中异同,证明在中国龙崇拜并非图腾崇拜,人们在认识上存在一定的误区。本文的研究除了要从史学角度理清龙形发展脉络、探索中国民间崇龙传统、研究中国龙崇拜性质外,更主要的目的是为了向人们传达这样一种理念,即龙崇拜是中国特定文化环境下的文化产物,它与中国数千年来的文化传统是一脉相连、相辅相成的,是中华文明的特质要素,是中华文化的“瑰宝”;它不能够简单套用任何其他民族文明,或用其理论进行阐述,只能结合中国自古至今的社会大环境、大背景来解读。再者,以龙为代表中华文化,博大精深、源远流长,中华民族应有足够的文化自信,方能引领中国梦的实现。
[Abstract]:Dragon, occupies an important position in China, for thousands of years, dragon has become a kind of cultural accumulation, become the symbol of China, even the Chinese nation is called "the descendant of dragon".Dragon worship customs have a long history, after thousands of years of inheritance, dragon culture has penetrated into all aspects of Chinese society, reflected in every level of people's daily life, has had a great impact on the development of the whole Chinese society.The research on the related issues of Chinese dragon worship has always been an important subject in the field of history and society, and the study of the nature of Chinese dragon worship has never stopped, and the research on the related issues will have a wide impact on all walks of life.This article takes the custom of worshiping the dragon among the Han people in the Central Plains as the main research object. It will focus on the following aspects: first, about the evolution of the dragon, looking for clues from the records of the ancient Chinese history.The dragon has experienced five stages of development, namely, the primitive dragon period, the Kui dragon period, the flying dragon period, the traveling dragon period and the Huanglong period, to the basic shaping of the Ming and Qing dynasties, from simplicity to complexity, from abstraction to image, and becomes the appearance of the dragon seen today.On this basis, it was found that the function of the dragon in history, besides being the object of witchcraft, mainly played the role of rain god in seeking rain; later, it became the exclusive symbol of imperial power.Second, after the Qin and Han dynasties, the dragon gradually became the exclusive object of autocratic imperial power.Through the detailed investigation of the system of geographical clothing and the appearance of the first flag-dragon flag, this paper demonstrates the relationship between the dragon and the imperial power: the dragon is the symbol of autocratic imperial power, which is owned by the royal family, and no one else can touch it.Rulers make use of people's psychology of worshipping dragons to strengthen their rule.Third, through the investigation of the folklore related to the dragon, the establishment of the Dragon Temple, the second of February, the rise of the dragon and the festival of custom, Dragon Boat Festival's dragon boat race as a clue to show the religious worship of the folk dragon.Dragon, as the object of people's worship, has great divinity in people's hearts. In folk belief, the worship of its role as protector and water god is the main manifestation.Fourth, with the help of the traditional literature records and western related totem theory research results, from the basic characteristics of totem things, totem taboos, totem ceremony and other aspects, based on China, and Chinese dragon worship of the manifestations of comparative research.It is proved that dragon worship is not totem worship in China.In addition to clarifying the development of the dragon form from the perspective of history, exploring the Chinese folk tradition of worshipping the dragon, and studying the nature of the worship of the dragon in China, the main purpose of this study is to convey such an idea to the people.That is, dragon worship is the product of Chinese culture under the specific cultural environment. It is connected with the cultural tradition of China for thousands of years, complements each other, is the characteristic element of Chinese civilization, and is the "treasure" of Chinese culture.It can not simply apply any other national civilization, or use its theory to explain, can only be combined with the ancient Chinese social environment, the background to interpret.Moreover, the Chinese culture represented by the dragon is broad and profound and has a long history. The Chinese nation should have sufficient cultural confidence to lead Chinese Dream's realization.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B933

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