战争的受害者—《永别了，武器》中亨利的历史自传批评

发布时间：2018-04-23 16:33

本文选题：《永别了 + 武器》　；参考：《云南师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《永别了,武器》是海明威的经典著作之一,小说的主人公亨利是一个饱受战争之苦的悲剧人物。小说得到了很多学者的关注,现已有许多相关的国内外研究,关于主人公亨利的研究主要讨论了其悲剧命运和性格特征。国外研究探讨了亨利对性别身份的焦虑和遭受的苦难,国内研究则主要分析了亨利是一个悲剧人物,也是海明威笔下迷惘的抗争者。亨利在《永别了,武器》中的经历反映了作者海明威的人生经历。前人的研究很少深入地探讨亨利的悲剧命运同海明威人生经历之间的紧密联系,本文将使用历史自传批评方法,结合海明威的人生经历来解读亨利的悲剧,进一步讨论亨利是战争的受害者,正如作者海明威一样。历史自传批评是传统批评中的一个分支,它将文学作品视为对作者的人生和时代的反映。该批评方法将作者的生平作为文本分析时要考虑的一个重要因素。海明威的大多数作品或多或少被认为是自传体的,海明威曾参加过两次世界大战,这些经历成为了他之后写作的基础。他总是会把自己的人生经历嵌入到他的文学作品当中,《永别了,武器》中的亨利就被塑造成海明威的影射。海明威在第一次世界大战中的经历通过主人公亨利得以表现,对亨利的分析也将体现作者的思想感情。本文从历史自传批评的视角探讨战争给亨利带来的悲剧,主要从两方面来分析其悲剧:战争中的悲剧命运和爱情中的悲剧命运。亨利满怀追求荣誉的抱负积极投身前线,不幸在一次轰炸中身受重伤。亨利在小说中英勇的行为是以作者海明威在第一次世界大战中的经历为基础的。在经历轰炸之后,亨利意识到了这场战争的残酷和荒谬,而“光荣的战争”其实就是一个谎言。通过描写亨利和士兵们的厌战情绪,海明威表达出对战争的厌恶之情。亨利决心远离战争,便全心追求爱情,但他与凯瑟琳的爱情也在战争时期以悲剧告终。凯瑟琳被视作海明威初恋的影像,最终死于剖腹产。亨利在战争及爱情中的悲剧命运使他陷入深深的绝望之中。通过解析亨利的悲剧,本文得出结论:作者海明威是战争的受害者,主人公亨利的悲剧反映了海明威在战争中的苦难。战争不仅造成了海明威身体上的伤害,也使他陷入对人生的绝望。战争带来的巨大伤害是不可抹灭的,海明威在战争时期的经历为他的创作提供了素材。在《永别了,武器》中,海明威通过揭露战争对人们造成的损害来表达其反战思想。海明威在小说中塑造了饱受战争之苦的主人公亨利,亨利的悲剧体现出战争时期人们的悲惨生活,同时也反映出作者自己的人生经历。无论战争何时爆发,它带来的损害都是灾难性的。
[Abstract]:Farewell, Arms is one of Hemingway's classics. Henry, the protagonist of the novel, is a tragic character suffering from war. Many scholars have paid close attention to the novel, and there have been many domestic and foreign studies. The study of Henry, the protagonist, mainly discusses his tragic fate and character characteristics. Foreign studies have explored Henry's anxiety and suffering about gender identity, while domestic studies have mainly analyzed that Henry is a tragic character and a lost opponent in Hemingway's writings. Henry's experiences in Farewell, Arms reflect Hemingway's life experience. Previous studies have rarely explored the close connection between Henry's tragic fate and Hemingway's life experience. This paper will use the method of historical autobiographical criticism to interpret Henry's tragedy in combination with Hemingway's life experience. Discuss further that Henry was the victim of war, just as Hemingway did. Historical autobiographical criticism is a branch of traditional criticism, which regards literary works as a reflection of the author's life and times. The critical method takes the author's life as an important factor in text analysis. Most of Hemingway's works are more or less autobiographical. Hemingway participated in two world wars and these experiences formed the basis of his later writing. He always embed his life experience into his literature, and Henry in Arms is portrayed as Hemingway's innuendo. Hemingway's experience in World War I was expressed by Henry, the protagonist, and his analysis will reflect the author's thoughts and feelings. From the perspective of historical autobiographical criticism, this paper probes into the tragedy brought by war to Henry, and analyzes its tragedy from two aspects: the tragic fate of war and the tragic fate of love. Henry, full of ambition for honor, was badly wounded in a bombing. Henry's heroism in the novel is based on the author Hemingway's experience in World War I. After the bombing, Henry realized the cruelty and absurdity of the war, and the Glorious War was a lie. Hemingway expressed his disgust at war by describing Henry and his soldiers. Determined to stay away from war, Henry devoted himself to love, but his love with Catherine ended in tragedy during the war. Catherine was seen as an image of Hemingway's first love and eventually died by Caesarean section. Henry's tragic fate in war and love plunged him into deep despair. By analyzing Henry's tragedy, this paper draws a conclusion that Hemingway is the victim of the war, and the hero's tragedy reflects Hemingway's suffering in the war. The war not only caused Hemingway's physical injury, but also plunged him into the despair of life. The great damage caused by the war is indelible. Hemingway's experience during the war provided the material for his creation. In Farewell, Arms, Hemingway expresses his anti-war ideas by exposing the damage caused by war. Hemingway portrays Henry, the protagonist of war, in his novels. Henry's tragedy reflects the tragic life of people during the war, as well as the author's own life experience. Whenever a war breaks out, the damage it brings is disastrous.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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