顿悟在错误记忆中的加工优势效应

发布时间：2018-04-24 16:05

本文选题：顿悟 + 记忆优势效应　；参考：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：顿悟的记忆优势效应是指顿悟问题相对于非顿悟问题能够成产生更强的记忆。Auble等人(1979)首次通过诱发顿悟的方式验证了顿悟对记忆的增强作用,并提出顿悟记忆优势效应的概念。然而,这种效应是否在错误记忆中依然存在?其认知机制是什么?目前还缺乏研究。基于此,本研究设计了三个实验,从顿悟“啊哈”体验以及顿悟与非顿悟加工过程的本质差异这两方面进行考察。实验一考察顿悟的记忆优势效应在错误记忆中是否依然存在。被试为30名大学生,实验分为两个阶段,第一阶段为问题解决。要求被试解决中文远距离联想题目(CRAT)并对成功解决问题做顿悟与否的主观判断,第二阶段以顿悟/非顿悟解决的CRAT答案为关键诱饵,编制DRM列表,要求被试依次学习列表中的词语。依次完成各列表词语的学习后进入测试阶段,对学习阶段未出现过的关键诱饵、学习列表词、无关词进行再认测验。考察顿悟和非顿悟解决下关键诱饵、无关词的错误再认率及“R/K”比例。实验二考察错误记忆的编码阶段学习词的呈现方式对于该效应的影响。被试为31名大学生,实验流程与实验一基本相同,但DRM列表词采用随机呈现的方式。考察顿悟和非顿悟解决下关键诱饵、无关词的错误再认率及“R/K”比例。实验三考察错误记忆的提取阶段预警提示对于该效应的影响。被试为36名大学生,与实验一区别是在DRM列表词的学习之前加入预警提示,并通过关键诱饵、无关词的错误再认及“R/K”判断来探讨顿悟重构过程产生的预警作用在该优势效应中的体现。实验一结果发现:顿悟在错误记忆中存在加工优势效应,表现为顿悟答案词作为错误记忆关键诱饵、顿悟搜索词作为错误记忆无关词相较于非顿悟条件其错误再认率更低;实验二错误记忆编码阶段弱化关键诱饵连续激活后,顿悟依然表现出优势效应,并且顿悟关键信息错误再认细节降低;实验三发现,错误记忆提取阶段加入预警提示后,顿悟和非顿悟的关键诱饵、无关词错误再认率无显著差异,顿悟记忆优势效应消失。
[Abstract]:The memory advantage effect of epiphany refers to the fact that the epiphany problem can produce stronger memory than the non-epiphany problem. In 1979) the enhancement effect of epiphany on memory was verified by inducing epiphany for the first time, and the concept of epiphany memory advantage effect was put forward. But is this effect still present in false memories? What is its cognitive mechanism? There is still a lack of research. Based on this, three experiments were designed to investigate the "aha" experience and the essential difference between the process of epiphany and non-epiphany. Experiment one examines whether the memory advantage effect of epiphany still exists in false memory. The experiment is divided into two stages, the first stage is problem solving. The subjects were asked to solve the problem of remote association between Chinese and Chinese and to make a subjective judgment on whether or not to make an epiphany on successful problem-solving. In the second stage, the key bait was the CRAT answer of the epiphany / non-epiphany solution, and the DRM list was compiled. The subjects were asked to learn the words in the list in turn. The key decoys, the list words and the irrelevant words, which have not appeared in the learning stage, are tested for recognition after completing the study of each list word in turn. This paper investigates the key decoys under the solution of epiphany and non-epiphany, the error recognition rate of irrelevant words and the ratio of "R / P K". Experiment two examines the effect of the presentation of learning words in the coding stage of false memory on this effect. The experimental procedure was the same as that of experiment 1, but the DRM list words were presented randomly. This paper investigates the key decoys under the solution of epiphany and non-epiphany, the error recognition rate of irrelevant words and the ratio of "R / P K". Experiment 3 examines the effect of early warning on this effect during the extraction of false memory. Thirty-six college students were included in the study, which was distinguished from experiment one by adding early warning tips before learning DRM list words and using key bait. The false recognition of irrelevant words and the "R / P K" judgment are used to explore the early warning effect of epiphany reconstruction in this dominant effect. The results of experiment 1 show that epiphany has a processing advantage effect in false memory, which shows that epiphany word is the key bait of false memory, and epiphany search word is lower in error recognition rate than that in non-epiphany condition. In experiment 2, after weakening the key decoys in the coding stage of error memory, the epiphany still showed the advantage effect, and the recognition details of the key information errors were reduced. Experiment 3 found that after the early warning was added to the false memory extraction stage, There is no significant difference between the key decoys of epiphany and non-epiphany, but the dominant effect of epiphany memory disappears.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B842.3

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