明清时期关中农书研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:17

本文选题：明清时期 + 关中　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：关中地区是中国传统农区,其农业历史悠久,在中国农业史上占有重要地位。作为关中农业技术、思想的传播载体,关中农书具有非常重要的利用与研究价值。关中地区悠久的农业历史孕育了多部农书,到了明清中国地域性农书创作的繁盛时期,关中农书的发展更是达到了其高峰阶段。文章通过对关中农书概况、农书繁荣的背景、农书的技术体系和思想体系的研究,大致描绘出明清时期关中农书的基本脉络,并对其特点和价值进行总结评述。从农书概况上来看,关中农书的发展可以分为明清以前和明清时期,与明清之前关中农书相比,明清关中农书创作繁荣,地域文化脱离国家文化独立发展,农书呈现出明显的地域性特色。农书的创作时间、分布地区都有明显的特点。此外明清时期由于出版印刷业的发展以及距今时间较近的特点,农书多有版本流传至今。从农书繁荣的背景来看,这一时期关中农书的繁荣与大一统国家的建立、国家专制的加强、社会经济发展以及自然灾害有着密切关系,农书创作主体对农书创作也有明显影响。社会经济、思想文化、自然灾害等共同作用,成就了关中农书的繁荣。在农业技术体系方面,明清关中农书不仅是北方旱作农业技术的总结,也结合了关中地区气候、土壤、水文等环境因素。所反映的农业技术主要包括:土地耕作技术、作物栽培技术、农业生产工具、水利工程建设。其中王徵通过学习西方机械力学思想,制作的机械农具别具意义。复种、轮作、间种、区田等土地利用技术继续发展、粪壤、储藏利用等技术也有所进步。这一时期的关中水利,则是在关中水旱分布不均与明清旱灾频发的背景下,向小型化、井利化发展,起到了改善关中农业生产条件的作用。在农业思想体系方面,明清关中农书在中国传统农业思想的基础上,向纵深发展,农业经营管理思想得到发展。杨\~结合中国传统“三才论”、元气论、五行理论等农业哲学思想,提出“新五行”思想,对土壤肥力、循环理论等也有了系统的认识。杨秀元《农言著实》是有关农业经营思想的著作,不仅对雇工管理与生产效率提高有系统而独到的认识,且为当地农户提供了借鉴,有一定实践价值。研究明清时期关中农书,对其中的技术、思想进行系统化总结,揭示其特点,并对明清关中农书在农业教育、社会影响等方面的价值进行分析,对这些农业文化遗产的研究和利用,是农业历史研究的重要部分。研究明清关中农书不仅能够继续完善和推进现代农业综合体系的形成发展,推动生态农业和广义农业的发展,也指导农业政策的制定,具有重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:Guanzhong area is a traditional agricultural area in China, which has a long history of agriculture and plays an important role in the history of Chinese agriculture. As the spreading carrier of Guanzhong agricultural technology and thought, Guanzhong Agricultural Book has very important use and research value. The long history of agriculture in Guanzhong gave birth to many agricultural books, and the development of Guanzhong Agricultural Books reached its peak stage in the prosperous period of the creation of regional agricultural books in Ming and Qing dynasties. Through the research on the general situation of the agricultural books in Guanzhong, the background of the prosperity of the agricultural books, the technical system and the ideological system of the agricultural books, this paper roughly describes the basic context of the agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and summarizes the characteristics and values of the agricultural books. In view of the general situation of agricultural books, the development of Guanzhong Peasant Books can be divided into the Ming and Qing dynasties and the Ming and Qing dynasties, compared with the Ming and Qing dynasties, the creation of the agricultural books in the Ming and Qing dynasties is prosperous, and the regional culture develops independently from the national culture. Agricultural books show obvious regional characteristics. The time and distribution of the creation of agricultural books have obvious characteristics. In addition, due to the development of publishing and printing industry in the Ming and Qing dynasties and its recent characteristics, most of the agricultural books have been handed down to this day. From the background of the prosperity of agricultural books, the prosperity of agricultural books in Guanzhong during this period is closely related to the establishment of a unified country, the strengthening of state autocracy, the development of social economy and natural disasters, and the main body of the creation of agricultural books also has an obvious influence on the creation of agricultural books. Social economy, ideology and culture, natural disasters and other common effects, the achievement of the prosperity of Guanzhong Peasant Book. In the aspect of agricultural technology system, it is not only a summary of dry farming techniques in northern China, but also a combination of climate, soil, hydrology and other environmental factors. The agricultural techniques reflected mainly include: land cultivation technology, crop cultivation technology, agricultural production tools, water conservancy project construction. Wang Zheng through the study of Western mechanical thought, the production of mechanical farming tools of significance. Land use techniques, such as multiple cropping, crop rotation, intercropping, and regional land use, have continued to develop, as well as faecal soil, storage and utilization technologies. Under the background of uneven distribution of water and drought in Guanzhong and frequent drought in Ming and Qing dynasties, Guanzhong water conservancy in this period developed to miniaturization and benefit, and played an important role in improving the agricultural production conditions in Guanzhong. In the aspect of agricultural thought system, on the basis of Chinese traditional agricultural thought, the agricultural management and management thought of agricultural management has been developed. In combination with traditional Chinese agricultural philosophy, such as "three talents", "Yuan Qi" and "five elements" theory, Yang put forward the thought of "new five elements", which also has a systematic understanding of soil fertility and circulation theory. Yang Xiuyuan is a book about the thought of agricultural management, which not only has a systematic and unique understanding of the management of hired workers and the improvement of production efficiency, but also provides a reference for local farmers and has certain practical value. This paper studies the agricultural books of Guanzhong in the Ming and Qing dynasties, systematically summarizes the techniques and ideas therein, reveals its characteristics, and analyzes the value of the agricultural books in the agricultural education and social impact in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The research and utilization of these agricultural cultural heritage is an important part of agricultural history research. The study of agricultural books in Guanzhong of Ming and Qing dynasties can not only improve and promote the formation and development of modern agricultural comprehensive system, promote the development of ecological agriculture and broad agriculture, but also guide the formulation of agricultural policies, which is of great practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248;S-09

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