明代宦官形象的历史书写

发布时间：2018-05-27 01:41

本文选题：明代 + 宦官　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：宦官在明代历史舞台上始终扮演着重要的角色,无论是从制度的完备程度、影响力还是从人数来看,都是空前绝后的。宦官是明代政治的显现,对此的书写反映了明代史学的特殊旨趣。明代的典籍中不论是官修还是私修的,对宦官都有明显偏见。历史书写背后其实是一个历史选择权问题,政治权力在谁手中,历史书写就朝对谁有利的方向发展,宦官的历史主要是由他们的对头士人所书写。不同于前朝的是,明朝建立了第一所宦官学校,很多宦官接受教育之后都有一定的文化水平,宦官自己也能拿起笔去书写自己的历史。本文试图从不同书写者的角度出发,以文本为基础对明代宦官历史书写进行研究。第一部分,分析官史中的宦官书写。以《明实录》和《明史》中的宦官书写为研究对象,分别概括《明实录》和《明史》中所塑造出的宦官形象,并比较其中的差异,由此分析明清不同时期历史书写存在的差异。第二部分,分析私家撰述中的宦官书写。由于明代文集笔记汗牛充栋,笔者无法穷尽,仅选取其中代表性的记载进行分析。同时利用出土的墓志资料,分析其中所塑造的宦官形象,进而比较墓志与文献书写的差异。第三部分,分析宦官视角下的历史书写。利用宦官所书写的史料,以刘若愚的《酌中志》和宦官的诗作为研究对象,对如何书写宦官中的善类以及作恶宦官的书写,尤其是刘若愚对魏忠贤的书写进行分析。由于书写者的身份和政治立场的不同,宦官形象书写被赋予的意义必然有所不同。希望通过本文的研究,把握历史书写与历史形象之间的关系,能更丰富宦官这一形象,并对不同文本中宦官不同形象的形成以及原因进行梳理,把握明代史学的特殊旨趣。
[Abstract]:Eunuchs have always played an important role in the historical stage of Ming Dynasty. Eunuchs are the manifestation of Ming Dynasty politics, and the writing of eunuchs reflects the special purport of Ming historiography. Both official and private books in the Ming Dynasty have obvious prejudice against eunuchs. Behind the historical writing is actually a question of historical choice. The history of the eunuchs is mainly written by their opposite scholars when the political power is in the hands of the people who are in favor of the history of the eunuchs. Different from the previous dynasty, the Ming Dynasty established the first eunuch school, many eunuchs received education after a certain level of education, eunuchs themselves can take pen to write their own history. This paper attempts to study the historical writing of eunuchs in Ming Dynasty on the basis of text from the angle of different writers. The first part analyzes the eunuch writing in the official history. Taking the writing of eunuchs in Ming Shi Lu and Ming History as research objects, the author summarizes the images of eunuchs created in Ming Shi Lu and Ming Shi respectively, and compares the differences among them, so as to analyze the differences in historical writing in different periods of Ming and Qing dynasties. The second part analyzes the eunuch writing in private writing. Due to the Ming Dynasty collection of notes, I can not exhaust, only select the representative records for analysis. At the same time, using the unearthed epitaph data, the eunuch image was analyzed, and the difference between the epitaph and the literature was compared. The third part analyzes the historical writing from the perspective of eunuchs. Using the historical data written by eunuchs and taking Liu Ruoyu's poems and poems of eunuchs as research objects, this paper analyzes how to write eunuchs' good and evil eunuchs, especially Liu Ruoyu's writing of Wei Zhongxian. Because of the difference of the writer's identity and political position, the eunuch image writing is endowed with different meanings. It is hoped that the relationship between historical writing and historical image can be enriched through the study of this paper, and the formation and causes of different images of eunuchs in different texts will be combed, and the special purport of historiography of Ming Dynasty will be grasped.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K248

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