施韦泽敬畏生命伦理学思想研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 13:19

本文选题：施韦泽 + 生命意志　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：自19世纪以来,经科技革命改造之手,社会生产力迅猛发展。然而,各类环境问题层出不穷,社会道德关系也尤为紧张,甚至出现世界大战。施韦泽的敬畏生命伦理学的逻辑起点就始于对战争等一系列社会现象的反思,认为这一切都是社会文化危机的表现。而文化衰落的根源恰恰在于哲学的失职,伦理思想未能够通过哲学和舆论监督诉诸于社会现实。因此,必须革新世界观,以敬畏生命为道德理念,从而使人摆脱思想上的空虚与茫然,缓解人与人之间的冲突、人与其他生灵间矛盾,最终在社会伦理层面上建立一个大文化国,促使整个社会重现勃勃生机。在敬畏生命伦理学中,施韦泽重在提出对生命意志的体验,感悟生命存在的价值。他的研究从人自身的思想领域展开,再推演到人的外在行为实践,最后论证到所有生命的和谐共存。这一理论从人类中心主义中脱颖而出,为全体生命争取道德权利和平等的地位,为生态整体主义奠定了关键基础。因此,敬畏生命伦理学开创了哲学思考的新路径,是生态伦理学的宝贵理论资源,也为现代环保运动和我国生态文明的建设提供了有益启发。论文从以下四个方面对敬畏生命伦理学做出具体的研究。第一,论述了施韦泽的敬畏生命伦理学思想产生的理论渊源,诠释该理论的形成背景。文化危机的日益严重、人类中心主义的负面影响、理性主义和启蒙精神的“余威”是施韦泽对“生命”进行思考的学术背景,同时这一理论在形成过程中又具备一定的实践背景,即施韦泽个人的志愿行医实践。在此背景下,敬畏生命伦理学以基督教的生命伦理与博爱精神、叔本华和尼采的生命哲学、印度婆罗门宗教伦理和中国古代伦理等思想作为理论底基,对生命观、世界观作出进一步的哲学思考。第二,重点研究了敬畏生命伦理学的理论内核。首先,通过重新确立具有文化特质的世界观,进而揭示世界的神秘性本质,即一种生命意志自我分裂的现象世界,梳理生命观和世界观的关系。在此基础上提出生命意志的最高理念——“敬畏生命”及相应的道德信条。而生命意志自我实现的终极目标就是促成一个全新、独特的文化国家的建立。第三,总体评价敬畏生命伦理学。归纳了敬畏生命伦理学独特的理论特质,分析了敬畏生命的伦理观在学术界中的地位,以及其他学者对这一理论的批判和反思。简要总结敬畏生命伦理学的现实意义及当代启示。首先,敬畏生命伦理学能塑造、完善人的道德人格,从而树立正确的生命观。其次,宣扬奉献伦理,发扬了人道主义精神。最后,为现代环保运动夯实了根基,并对我国的生态文明建设提供了重要启示。敬畏生命伦理学旨在树立文化的世界观,植根于自然诉求,提出敬畏生命,将改变世界诉诸于人伦理观念的革新,为生态伦理学的研究奠定了基础,为我国当代生态文明建设提供了重要启示。
[Abstract]:Since the 19 th century, after the scientific and technological revolution, the rapid development of social productivity. However, all kinds of environmental problems emerge in endlessly, social and moral relations are especially tense, even world war. The logical starting point of Schweitzer's reverence for bioethics begins with the reflection on a series of social phenomena, such as war, which are all manifestations of social and cultural crisis. The root of cultural decline lies in the failure of philosophy, and the failure of ethical thought to appeal to social reality through philosophy and public opinion supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the world outlook and regard the fear of life as a moral concept, so that people can get rid of the emptiness and blankness of their thoughts, and ease the conflicts between people and other living beings. Finally, a great cultural country was established on the social ethics level, which promoted the whole society to regain its vitality. In the awe of bioethics, Schweitzer puts forward the experience of the will of life and the value of existence of life. His research starts from the field of human thought, then extrapolates to the practice of human's external behavior, and finally demonstrates the harmonious coexistence of all life. This theory stands out from anthropocentrism, strives for moral rights and equal status for all life, and lays a key foundation for ecological holism. Therefore, the reverence of bioethics creates a new path of philosophical thinking, is a valuable theoretical resource of ecological ethics, and provides beneficial inspiration for the modern environmental protection movement and the construction of ecological civilization in China. This paper makes specific research on bioethics in the following four aspects. First, it discusses the theoretical origin of Schweitzer's bioethics and explains the background of the theory. The increasingly serious cultural crisis, the negative influence of anthropocentrism, and the "Yu Wei" of rationalism and enlightenment spirit are the academic background for Schweitzer to think about "life". At the same time, this theory has a certain background of practice in the process of formation, that is, Schweiser's voluntary practice of medicine. In this context, the reverence for bioethics is based on Christian bioethics and the spirit of fraternity, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche's philosophy of life, Indian Brahmin religious ethics and ancient Chinese ethics. The world outlook makes further philosophical thinking. Secondly, it focuses on the theoretical core of bioethics. Firstly, by re-establishing the world outlook with cultural characteristics, the mysterious nature of the world is revealed, that is, a kind of life will self-splitting phenomenon world, combing the relationship between the view of life and the world outlook. On this basis, it puts forward the supreme idea of the will of life-"awe of life" and the corresponding moral creed. The ultimate goal of self-realization of life will is to promote the establishment of a new and unique cultural state. Third, the overall evaluation of the fear of bioethics. This paper summarizes the unique theoretical characteristics of bioethics, analyzes the status of the ethical view of reverence for life in academic circles, and the criticism and reflection of this theory by other scholars. A brief summary of the practical significance and contemporary enlightenment of bioethics in awe. First of all, the reverence of bioethics can shape and perfect the moral personality of human beings and thus establish a correct view of life. Second, the promotion of dedication ethics, carry forward the spirit of humanitarianism. Finally, it lays a solid foundation for the modern environmental movement and provides important enlightenment for the construction of ecological civilization in China. The reverence of bioethics aims to establish a cultural world outlook, take root in the demands of nature, put forward the reverence of life, change the world and appeal to the innovation of human ethics, and lay the foundation for the study of ecological ethics. It provides important enlightenment for the construction of contemporary ecological civilization in China.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B82-05

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