马克思人的需要理论及其当代价值意义

发布时间：2018-06-18 19:01

本文选题：马克思 + 人的需要理论　；参考：《东华理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人的需要,是一个普遍而永恒存在的话题。自人类诞生那一刻起,人的需要也就随之出现了,人的生命的维持、人与自然的相处、人与社会的交往都传递着人的需要的方方面面,伴随着人类历史发展的始终。马克思人的需要理论是古往今来哲人墨客思考与研究的集大成,成为其发现唯物史观的重要切入点,构成了马克思主义研究的重要篇章。本文在绪论中交待了论文研究目的与意义、国内外研究现状、论文研究方法和创新之处。全文一方面阐述了马克思关于人的需要理论的来源、基本观点,分析其内在结构。肯定人的需要的存在是马克思历史唯物主义的基本观点,马克思关于人的需要理论是承前人之智慧,批判地吸收了黑格尔、费尔巴哈以及空想社会主义思想家的理论精华,形成了马克思历史唯物史观的人的需要理论。并着重马克思个人需要理论的内在逻辑体系。从需要的主体来看,是个别需要向社会需要的转化;从满足需要的客体来看,人的需要是物质需要和精神需要的结合;从层次发展规律来看,呈现生存需要、享受需要向发展需要的递进。另一方面,论文着重研读了马克思关于人的需要理论的内涵意蕴。指出马克思从现实的人出发,提出人的需要是人的本性,是人的自然属性、社会属性、思维属性共同作用的结果。接着,肯定了马克思把人的需要的意识性与满足需要的能动性相结合,人可以通过积极的劳动生产来获取、创造所需的结论。最后,分析了马克思把人的需要置于人类历史发展的全过程,指出人的需要伴随着人类社会发展的始终,是社会演进的拉力,需要与生产的矛盾运动生成人类社会发展史。特别重要的是,论文从理论与实际相结合的高度,强调用马克思关于人的需要理论来指导当代中国社会和人的发展。研究和运用马克思的人的需要理论,能为更好地解决需要与社会生产之间的矛盾提供理论指导;有利于破解人与自然相处的困境,实现经济社会的可持续发展;有利于树立正确的价值取向和正确的需要观,引导人的健康全面发展。总之,开展马克思人的需要理论的研究,迎合了马克思主义基本理论研究的趋势。这一论题研究与宣传的深入,不仅丰富发展了马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系,而且对当代中国经济社会的发展,将产生重大的推动力。
[Abstract]:Human needs, is a universal and eternal existence of the topic. Since the birth of human beings, human needs have also appeared. The maintenance of human life, the coexistence of man and nature, and the communication between human beings and society all convey all aspects of human needs, along with the development of human history. Marx's theory of human needs is a collection of philosophers' thinking and research from ancient to present. It has become an important entry point for the discovery of historical materialism and constitutes an important chapter in the study of Marxism. In the introduction, the purpose and significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad, the research methods and the innovation of the paper are described. On the one hand, this paper expounds the source and basic viewpoint of Marx's theory of human needs, and analyzes its internal structure. Affirming the existence of human needs is the basic viewpoint of Marx's historical materialism. Marx's theory of human needs is inherited from the wisdom of predecessors and critically absorbs the theoretical essence of Hegel, Feuerbach and utopian socialist thinkers. Formed Marx's historical materialism of human needs theory. And emphasizes the internal logic system of Marx's personal need theory. From the subject of need, it is the transformation of individual needs to social needs; from the object of satisfying needs, human needs are the combination of material needs and spiritual needs; from the law of hierarchy development, it presents the needs of existence. Enjoy the progress that needs to be made to the needs of development. On the other hand, the paper studies the connotation of Marx's theory of human needs. It is pointed out that Marx points out that human needs are human nature, which is the result of the joint action of human nature, social attribute and thinking attribute. Then, it affirms that Marx combined the consciousness of human needs with the initiative of satisfying the needs, and that people can obtain and create the necessary conclusions through active labor production. Finally, it analyzes the whole process of Marx's putting human needs in the development of human history, and points out that human needs are always accompanied by the development of human society and are the pulling force of social evolution, and the contradictory movement between needs and production produces the history of human social development. It is especially important that the paper emphasizes the use of Marx's theory of human needs to guide contemporary Chinese society and human development from the perspective of the combination of theory and practice. The study and application of Marx's theory of human needs can provide theoretical guidance for better solving the contradiction between needs and social production, help to solve the dilemma between man and nature, and realize the sustainable development of economy and society. It is beneficial to set up correct value orientation and correct view of need, and guide people's healthy and all-round development. In a word, the research of Marx's theory of human need caters to the trend of Marxist basic theory. The research and propaganda of this thesis not only enrich and develop Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong thought and socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics, but also produce great impetus to the development of contemporary Chinese economy and society.
【学位授予单位】：东华理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：B038

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