宋代酒业买扑制度研究
发布时间：2018-07-24 15:32
【摘要】：南宋失去北部疆域,农业税收的比例大幅度下降,国家专卖的榷酒、榷盐逐渐成为财赋主体。天宝年间(968-976)至南宋末(1279),宋代酒业买扑制度实施了近三百年。本文以宋酒买扑制度,即酒坊的私营承包,作为研究对象,对买扑制度的运行机制和制度演变有比较清晰的认识。本文的主体部分包括三章,第一是搜集整理岁课、酒课等数据,通过专卖课额间的对比,以及南北两路的酒课对比,得出宋代专卖经济,特别是酒榷经济的大体印象。最后得出宋代酒课高的地区以官营为主,酒课低的地区买扑经营者众的经营格局。第二是横向分析酒业买扑制度的运行机制,主要是了解宋以前酒榷制度的沿革,宋代官酒务和买扑酒坊的经营方式等,得出宋代发展买扑酒坊是顺应了历史潮流。第三是纵向分析酒业买扑制度的演变,主要表现为酒价上涨、课额增加、规则新增和扑户放宽等。利用新制度经济学的国家理论分析买扑制度演变的内在逻辑,将买扑者的限制放宽到官吏和行政机构,就已经越线了,说明南宋的买扑酒坊愈加破败。得出结论,即买扑制度的变迁,主要是由于国家在财政收益和社会总收益中权衡摇摆。最后,国家作为制度的制定者和实施者,不仅要提供公共产品,还要保证公平合理的产业秩序,构筑宽松的营商环境,减少商业中的行政干预,会为国家和商界实现正和博弈。
[Abstract]:The Northern Territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was lost, the proportion of agricultural tax fell sharply, and the national monopoly wine and salt gradually became the main body of the tax. Tianbao period (968-976) to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1279), the Song Dynasty wine industry to buy the system has been implemented for nearly 300 years. This paper takes the system of liquor buying and throwing in Song Dynasty, that is, the private contract of the wine shop, as the research object, and has a clear understanding of the operating mechanism and the evolution of the system. The main part of this paper includes three chapters. The first part is to collect and sort out the year old lesson, the wine class and so on data, through the monopoly class amount comparison, as well as the north and south two roads wine lesson comparison, obtains the Song Dynasty monopoly economy, especially the wine discussion economy general impression. Finally, it is concluded that the regions with high alcohol class in the Song Dynasty are mainly government-run and the areas with low liquor classes are buying and attacking the operators. The second is the horizontal analysis of the operating mechanism of the liquor buying and throwing system, mainly to understand the evolution of the wine discussion system before the Song Dynasty, the official wine business of the Song Dynasty and the management mode of the wine shop, and so on. It is concluded that the development of the wine shop in the Song Dynasty was in keeping with the historical trend. The third is the longitudinal analysis of the evolution of the wine industry buying and throwing system, mainly for the rise in the price of wine, the increase in the number of classes, the new rules and the relaxation of the policy and so on. Using the national theory of the new institutional economics to analyze the internal logic of the evolution of the buying and throwing system, to relax the restrictions on the buyers to the officials and the administrative institutions, it has already crossed the line, which shows that the wine shop in the Southern Song Dynasty has become more and more dilapidated. The conclusion is that the vicissitude of the system is mainly due to the balance between the financial revenue and the total social income. Finally, as the system maker and implementers, the state should not only provide public goods, but also guarantee a fair and reasonable industrial order, construct a loose business environment, reduce the administrative interference in business, and realize the positive harmony game for the country and the business community.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244
本文编号：2141830
[Abstract]:The Northern Territory of the Southern Song Dynasty was lost, the proportion of agricultural tax fell sharply, and the national monopoly wine and salt gradually became the main body of the tax. Tianbao period (968-976) to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1279), the Song Dynasty wine industry to buy the system has been implemented for nearly 300 years. This paper takes the system of liquor buying and throwing in Song Dynasty, that is, the private contract of the wine shop, as the research object, and has a clear understanding of the operating mechanism and the evolution of the system. The main part of this paper includes three chapters. The first part is to collect and sort out the year old lesson, the wine class and so on data, through the monopoly class amount comparison, as well as the north and south two roads wine lesson comparison, obtains the Song Dynasty monopoly economy, especially the wine discussion economy general impression. Finally, it is concluded that the regions with high alcohol class in the Song Dynasty are mainly government-run and the areas with low liquor classes are buying and attacking the operators. The second is the horizontal analysis of the operating mechanism of the liquor buying and throwing system, mainly to understand the evolution of the wine discussion system before the Song Dynasty, the official wine business of the Song Dynasty and the management mode of the wine shop, and so on. It is concluded that the development of the wine shop in the Song Dynasty was in keeping with the historical trend. The third is the longitudinal analysis of the evolution of the wine industry buying and throwing system, mainly for the rise in the price of wine, the increase in the number of classes, the new rules and the relaxation of the policy and so on. Using the national theory of the new institutional economics to analyze the internal logic of the evolution of the buying and throwing system, to relax the restrictions on the buyers to the officials and the administrative institutions, it has already crossed the line, which shows that the wine shop in the Southern Song Dynasty has become more and more dilapidated. The conclusion is that the vicissitude of the system is mainly due to the balance between the financial revenue and the total social income. Finally, as the system maker and implementers, the state should not only provide public goods, but also guarantee a fair and reasonable industrial order, construct a loose business environment, reduce the administrative interference in business, and realize the positive harmony game for the country and the business community.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K244
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