对《习近平谈治国理政》中文化专有项的德语翻译进行批评
发布时间：2018-08-25 12:20
【摘要】：本文主要是从功能翻译理论角度对《习近平谈治国理政》中文化专有项的德语翻译进行批评。翻译功能理论的发展总体可以分为四个阶段。在第一阶段,凯特琳娜·莱斯引入了"功能"这一概念,提出了文本类型说,这为该理论的发展奠定了基础。在第二阶段,汉斯·弗米尔明确地提出了目的论,即目的至上原则。第三阶段,贾斯塔·霍茨·曼塔利基于社会行为理论,提出了翻译行为理论。第四阶段,克里斯蒂安·诺德提出了"功能+忠诚"的原则,进一步完善了功能翻译理论。《习近平谈治国理政》是中国政治性文本的代表作品,该书德译本的主要功能是向德语国家传达中国的内政外交政策,从而使之更准确、更全面地认识中国。由此来看,该书的主要功能是传达信息,属于信息型文本。根据功能翻译理论,在进行德语翻译时,译者应当首先做到完整、准确地传递信息,在此基础上,应尽量保留中国政治文本的形式和文化特点。该书的风格和内容时而俏皮幽默,时而发人深省,这主要是得益于文中中国文化专有项的使用。与文学作品相比,该书中的文化专有项文字所占比例极低,尚不到全书文字的1.2%,但是它们在文中却起到了画龙点睛的作用。中外学者分别对文化专有项进行了定义,并各自总结出了相应的翻译策略。在此基础上,笔者结合自己的研究对象,确定出了文化专有项的三个特点:1.是一个单词、词组或语段;2.是某一文化集体所特有的,即不了解源语的读者仅通过字译无法对其准确理解;3.具有比喻或象征意义。在本论文中,笔者共区分了四类文化专有项,即诗歌、专有名词、熟语和中国特有的修辞,它们分别适用于不同的翻译方法。文化专有项的翻译对于译者来说一直比较棘手。本书的德语译本是由中国中央文献研究室和中国外文局的优秀译者共同完成的。在一定程度上,该译本也是中国官方政治文献翻译的代表。在本论文中,笔者借鉴了包汉毅教授在其博士论文中所提出的十二项熟语翻译策略,并在此基础上,对其又做了一些修改和补充。原因是,本论文的研究对象为文化专有项,包教授所研究的熟语只是其下位概念;另外,从功能翻译理论来看,《习近平谈治国理政》的功能也与其不同。为了更好地实现该书的首要功能,也即传递信息,笔者基于包教授的观点总结出了自己的十一种翻译方法,即音译、音译+有改动的阐释、音译+阐释、字译+有改动的阐释、字译+阐释、有改动的字译、有改动的字译+有改动的阐释、有改动的字译+阐释、意译、改写和删除。在翻译的过程中,对于诗歌、专有名词、熟语和中国特有的修辞,分别是有改动的字译+有改动的阐释、音译+有改动的阐释、意译和意译更有利于它们各自功能的实现。笔者所区分的十一种翻译方法与包教授所提出的十二种方法的主要区别在于,本文中出现了与音译相关的翻译技巧,但仅适用于专有名词的翻译。而且,这里没有出现字译,因为根据所确定的文化专有项的第二条特点可知,不了解源语的读者仅通过字译并不能准确理解各专有项。不同种类的文化专有项适用于不同的翻译方法,同一类文化专有项所使用的各类翻译方法的比例也不同。笔者对德译本中各类文化专有项所运用的翻译策略进行数据统计后得出,在翻译诗歌、专有名词、熟语和中国特有的修辞时,分别使用有改动的字译+有改动的阐释、音译+有改动的阐释、意译和意译更有利于各自功能的实现。另外,笔者通过翻译批评总结出,译本中绝大部分的文化专有项翻译都实现了传递信息的功能,因而整体说来是成功的译本。但是其中也有少量的错误翻译不容忽视,音译方法也有待于改进。总而言之,该书中各类文化专有项所对应的翻译方法可以为同类政治文本中文化专有项的翻译起到很好的参照作用。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly criticizes the German translation of culture-specific items in Xi Jinping's Talk about Governing Countries and Politics from the perspective of functional translation theory. The development of functional translation theory can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, Catherine Rice introduced the concept of "function" and put forward the theory of text type, which laid a foundation for the development of this theory. Basis. In the second stage, Hans Vermeer explicitly put forward Skopos Theory, that is, Skopos First Principle. In the third stage, Jasta Hotz Mantali put forward translation behavior theory based on social behavior theory. In the fourth stage, Christian Nord put forward the principle of "function + loyalty" and further improved the functional translation theory. The main function of the German translation of the book is to convey China's internal and foreign policies to the German-speaking countries, so as to make them more accurate and comprehensive in understanding China. On the basis of this, the translator should try to preserve the form and cultural features of the Chinese political text. The style and content of the book are sometimes witty and humorous, sometimes thought-provoking. This is mainly due to the use of the Chinese cultural items in the text. Compared with the literary works, the text in the book is better. Chinese and foreign scholars have defined the culture-specific items and summarized the corresponding translation strategies. On this basis, combined with their own research objects, the author identifies three culture-specific items. There are four characteristics: 1. a word, phrase or paragraph; 2. it is unique to a certain cultural group, that is, readers who do not understand the source language can not accurately understand it only through word translation; 3. it is metaphorical or symbolic. The German version of this book is co-produced by the Chinese Central Documentation Research Institute and the Chinese Foreign Language Bureau. To a certain extent, this translation is also a representative of the translation of Chinese official political documents. Based on the twelve idiom translation strategies put forward by Professor Bao Hanyi in his doctoral dissertation, some modifications and supplements have been made to them. Based on Professor Bao's point of view, the author summarizes 11 translation methods, namely transliteration, transliteration plus altered interpretation, transliteration plus interpretation, word translation plus altered interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation with altered translation plus alteration. In the process of translation, there are altered word translation + interpretation, free translation, rewriting and deletion. For poetry, proper nouns, idioms and Chinese-specific rhetoric, there are altered word translation + altered interpretation, transliteration + altered interpretation, free translation and free translation are more conducive to the realization of their respective functions. The main difference between the method and the twelve methods proposed by Professor Bao is that there are transliteration-related translation techniques in this paper, but they are only applicable to proper nouns. Moreover, there is no word translation here, because according to the second characteristic of the identified culture-specific items, readers who do not understand the source language can not only translate by word. Different kinds of culture-specific items apply to different translation methods, and the proportions of different translation methods used in the same kind of culture-specific items are also different. In addition, the author concludes through translation criticism that the vast majority of the translation of culture-specific items in the translated texts have achieved the function of conveying information, so as to be a successful translation as a whole. However, there are also a few errors in the translation, and the transliteration method needs to be improved. In a word, the translation methods corresponding to the cultural items in the book can serve as a good reference for the translation of the cultural items in the political texts of the same kind.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H33
[Abstract]:This paper mainly criticizes the German translation of culture-specific items in Xi Jinping's Talk about Governing Countries and Politics from the perspective of functional translation theory. The development of functional translation theory can be divided into four stages. In the first stage, Catherine Rice introduced the concept of "function" and put forward the theory of text type, which laid a foundation for the development of this theory. Basis. In the second stage, Hans Vermeer explicitly put forward Skopos Theory, that is, Skopos First Principle. In the third stage, Jasta Hotz Mantali put forward translation behavior theory based on social behavior theory. In the fourth stage, Christian Nord put forward the principle of "function + loyalty" and further improved the functional translation theory. The main function of the German translation of the book is to convey China's internal and foreign policies to the German-speaking countries, so as to make them more accurate and comprehensive in understanding China. On the basis of this, the translator should try to preserve the form and cultural features of the Chinese political text. The style and content of the book are sometimes witty and humorous, sometimes thought-provoking. This is mainly due to the use of the Chinese cultural items in the text. Compared with the literary works, the text in the book is better. Chinese and foreign scholars have defined the culture-specific items and summarized the corresponding translation strategies. On this basis, combined with their own research objects, the author identifies three culture-specific items. There are four characteristics: 1. a word, phrase or paragraph; 2. it is unique to a certain cultural group, that is, readers who do not understand the source language can not accurately understand it only through word translation; 3. it is metaphorical or symbolic. The German version of this book is co-produced by the Chinese Central Documentation Research Institute and the Chinese Foreign Language Bureau. To a certain extent, this translation is also a representative of the translation of Chinese official political documents. Based on the twelve idiom translation strategies put forward by Professor Bao Hanyi in his doctoral dissertation, some modifications and supplements have been made to them. Based on Professor Bao's point of view, the author summarizes 11 translation methods, namely transliteration, transliteration plus altered interpretation, transliteration plus interpretation, word translation plus altered interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation plus interpretation, word translation with altered translation, word translation with altered translation plus alteration. In the process of translation, there are altered word translation + interpretation, free translation, rewriting and deletion. For poetry, proper nouns, idioms and Chinese-specific rhetoric, there are altered word translation + altered interpretation, transliteration + altered interpretation, free translation and free translation are more conducive to the realization of their respective functions. The main difference between the method and the twelve methods proposed by Professor Bao is that there are transliteration-related translation techniques in this paper, but they are only applicable to proper nouns. Moreover, there is no word translation here, because according to the second characteristic of the identified culture-specific items, readers who do not understand the source language can not only translate by word. Different kinds of culture-specific items apply to different translation methods, and the proportions of different translation methods used in the same kind of culture-specific items are also different. In addition, the author concludes through translation criticism that the vast majority of the translation of culture-specific items in the translated texts have achieved the function of conveying information, so as to be a successful translation as a whole. However, there are also a few errors in the translation, and the transliteration method needs to be improved. In a word, the translation methods corresponding to the cultural items in the book can serve as a good reference for the translation of the cultural items in the political texts of the same kind.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H33
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