论新时期儿童小说中的苦难书写

发布时间：2018-08-31 14:50

【摘要】：苦难是文学永恒的主题之一,儿童小说创作有着优良的现实主义传统,儿童文学作家们对苦难的关注一向都有很强的自觉性。但由于特殊的时代背景,新时期之前的儿童小说苦难书写主要是借用儿童弱势群体的身份,对社会、政治、历史进行控诉和反思,题材较单一。进入新时期,随着社会的稳定发展和儿童文学观念的转变,儿童小说中依然不乏对政治、历史反思的苦难书写,但更多的苦难书写是关注儿童日常生活困境和情感精神上的痛苦。新时期文学研究对苦难主题的关注度一直很高,可对儿童小说中苦难主题的研究并不多。其主要原因是儿童小说中苦难和成长永远相伴随,作家们书写苦难,其目的是借助苦难凸显儿童成长之路的艰辛。因此在多数研究文章中,苦难主题只是成长主题下一个不可缺少的因素,很少有人将它单独拎出来研究。然而事实上,对于苦难主题的书写,不仅反映出儿童小说作家的创作观念以及对现实儿童生命生存的理解与期望,也暴露出新时期儿童小说创作中存在的某些弊端。对于儿童小说苦难主题的研究还需要进一步挖掘。绪论部分就苦难的内涵以及儿童、儿童小说等概念进行简单阐释,对中国儿童小说中的苦难书写流变进行了梳理,分析了当下儿童小说苦难书写的研究现状,从而阐明了新时期儿童小说苦难书写的研究意义。正文主要分为三个部分:第一章主要分析新时期儿童小说中苦难书写的成因与类型。苦难的时代性、儿童文学创作观念的转变以及儿童自身成长特点是新时期儿童小说中苦难书写的主要成因。基于上述原因归纳出儿童小说中的苦难主要有三种类型,它包括:自然灾害和人为性灾难等历史苦难,展现儿童日常生活中遭遇的物质匮乏、家庭变故、学校教育弊端的现实苦难,表现儿童个体生命自身存在的身体缺陷、情感困惑、精神上的困囿等成长苦难。儿童小说中往往是多个苦难交加在一起书写,文本中的儿童经历一个又一个苦难的磨砺之后,获得新生。第二章集中论述新时期儿童小说中苦难书写的救赎方式。依据儿童身份的特殊性,作家们提供的救赎方式主要分为个人救赎和来自外部力量的引导两种方式。个人救赎主要分析面对苦难儿童会勇敢的挑战苦难实现自我救赎,探讨小说中的人物又是如何采取消极抗争的方式以各种手段逃避苦难,从而获得暂时的解脱。除此之外,儿童也会借助大自然的抚慰、引路人的帮助、文学艺术的熏陶等外部力量的引导,战胜苦难,实现救赎。第三章阐述了新时期儿童小说中苦难书写的意义和局限。联系作品分析儿童小说苦难书写对现实中儿童生存处境的真实反映;经过探析儿童小说叙述中苦难的根源,分析儿童小说中苦难书写对人文关怀的彰显。同时探讨了由于成人的介入导致儿童小说中的苦难书写存在成人主观化书写和过度宣扬苦难的局限与不足之处。结语部分对全文进行概述、总结,进一步分析了儿童小说苦难书写的可能性及其意义。
[Abstract]:Suffering is one of the eternal themes of literature. Children's novels have a fine tradition of realism. Children's writers always have a strong consciousness of paying attention to suffering. However, due to the special background of the times, the writing of children's novels before the new period mainly borrows the identity of children's disadvantaged groups, to society, politics and history. In the new era, with the steady development of society and the change of children's literary concept, there are still many writings about political and historical reflections in children's novels, but more writings about suffering are concerned about the plight of children's daily life and emotional and spiritual pain. The main reason is that hardship and growth are always accompanied in children's novels. Writers write about hardship. Their purpose is to highlight the hardship of children's growth through hardship. Therefore, in most research articles, the theme of hardship is only the next indispensable theme. In fact, the writing of the theme of suffering not only reflects the creative concept of children's fiction writers and their understanding and expectation of the existence of real children, but also reveals some drawbacks in children's novels in the new era. In the introduction part, the author briefly explains the connotation of suffering and the concepts of children and children's novels, combs the evolution of the writing of suffering in Chinese children's novels, analyzes the current research situation of the writing of suffering in children's novels, and thus clarifies the research significance of the writing of suffering in children's novels in the new period. The article is divided into three parts: The first chapter mainly analyzes the causes and types of suffering writing in children's novels in the new period. The times of suffering, the change of children's literary creation ideas and the characteristics of children's own growth are the main causes of suffering writing in children's novels in the new period. There are three types, including: natural disasters and man-made disasters and other historical hardships, showing children's daily life suffered from material shortage, family changes, the actual suffering of the abuses of school education, showing children's individual life itself physical defects, emotional confusion, spiritual dilemma and other growth hardships. The second chapter focuses on the ways of redemption in children's novels in the new era. According to the particularity of children's identity, the ways of redemption provided by writers are divided into two parts: individual redemption and guidance from external forces. Personal Redemption mainly analyzes how the characters in the novel escape from the suffering by various means in a passive way, so as to obtain temporary relief. In addition, the children also resort to the comfort of nature, the help of guides and the edification of literature and art. Chapter Three expounds the significance and limitations of the writing of suffering in children's novels in the new period, analyzes the true reflection of the writing of suffering to the living conditions of children in reality, explores the causes of suffering in children's novels, and analyzes the writing of suffering in children's novels. At the same time, it discusses the limitations and shortcomings of adult subjective writing and excessive advocacy of suffering in children's novels caused by adult intervention.
【学位授予单位】：江苏师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I207.8

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