荒野与暴力：文化地理学视阈下的《血色子午线》研究

发布时间：2018-10-14 16:49

【摘要】：作为美国当代著名的小说家之一,科麦克·麦卡锡因其对暴力的描述而闻名于世。作为他从南方小说到西部小说的转型之作,《血色子午线》被誉为20世纪最佳百部英文小说之一。在这部美国文学史上最为血腥暴力的小说中,麦卡锡对于暴力的描写令人发指,暴力显然成了小说的“地景”。小说中的暴力与荒野呈矛盾的统一体,地理上的西部荒野是人类暴力荒野的特质,而暴力荒野的人类同时又是西部荒野暴力的投射。麦卡锡的西部荒野不再是人人向往的地方,作为美国发展史上曾经的“后花园”,西部俨然是个荒野与暴力所在。建基于西部神话基础上的西部荒野,在麦卡锡所谓的“光学民主”的观照下,被彻底重写。这不仅解构了美国民族的中心母题——拓疆、西部以及西部神话,而且某种程度上也重写了美国西部的“地景”,建构了新的西部与拓疆的文化记忆。国内外学者从多种角度研究了该小说,他们的视角有心理学分析、新历史主义、神学研究、生态主义、和混沌理论,暴力也是研究者常为关注的焦点,然而,从文化地理学视角研究小说中的暴力与荒野以及与之相关联的美国西部神话以及西部的地理文化记忆,却很少见。本文将《血色子午线》放在文化地理学的视阈中,探讨小说中的荒野与暴力的辩证关系,指出麦卡锡笔下的西部“地景”不再是浪漫之所,而是人性缺失毫无秩序的暴力真空,自然与人类同为暴力和荒野,甚至自然的荒野远远超越人类。论文除引言和结语部分外有三章主要内容:第一章着重探讨西部自然环境中的荒野和暴力,重点考察麦卡锡所提出的“光学民主”的概念,本论文认为麦卡锡的西部“地景”中,自然界比人类更荒野,而人类毫无优越性。第二章聚焦小说的主要人物——“少年”与法官霍尔顿,分析他们以及格兰顿匪帮自身的荒野和暴力性,并指出在暴力充斥的社会中,不仅道德缺失,人性亦是荒野。第三章讨论荒野与暴力形成的文化与历史原因,将麦卡锡西部之荒野和暴力的“地景”呈现,置于美国西部神话形成的历史和文化语境中,认为麦卡锡小说中的荒野和暴力是对美国西部神话的解构,更是对美国西部荒野作为拓疆神话地理基础的最大嘲弄,从而建构了麦卡锡特有的西部“地景”。
[Abstract]:As one of the famous contemporary American novelists, Cormac McCarthy is famous for his description of violence. As his transition from Southern novels to Western novels, Meridian is regarded as one of the best 100 English novels in the 20th century. McCarthy's description of violence is appalling in the most bloody and violent novel in the history of American literature, and violence is clearly the "landscape" of the novel. Violence and wilderness in the novel are contradictory unity. The western wilderness in geography is the characteristic of human violent wilderness, and the violent wilderness human is the projection of western wilderness violence at the same time. McCarthy's western wilderness is no longer a place everyone yearns for. As the "back garden" of American history, the west is a wilderness and violence. The western wilderness, based on western mythology, was thoroughly rewritten under McCarthy's so-called "optical democracy". This not only deconstructs the central motif of the American nation-the extension of Xinjiang, the West and the mythology of the West, but also to some extent rewrites the "landscape" of the American West and constructs a new cultural memory of the West and the frontier. Scholars at home and abroad have studied the novel from a variety of angles. Their perspectives include psychological analysis, new historicism, theology, ecologism, and chaos theory. Violence is also the focus of attention. It is rare to study the violence and wilderness in the novel from the perspective of cultural geography, the myth of the American West and the geographical and cultural memory of the west. This paper puts the Meridian of Blood in the perspective of cultural geography, probes into the dialectical relationship between wilderness and violence in the novel, and points out that the western "landscape" in McCarthy's works is no longer a romantic place, but a violent vacuum without order of human nature. Nature and man are both violent and wilderness, and even the wilderness of nature is far beyond mankind. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, there are three main chapters in the thesis: the first chapter focuses on the wilderness and violence in the natural environment of the west, and the concept of "optical democracy" put forward by McCarthy. This paper argues that in McCarthy's Western Landscape, nature is wilder than man, but man has no superiority. The second chapter focuses on the main characters of the novel, Juvenile and Judge Holden, analyzes their own wilderness and violence, and points out that in the violent society, not only moral loss, but also humanity is a wilderness. The third chapter discusses the cultural and historical reasons for the formation of wilderness and violence, and presents the wilderness and violence of McCarthy in the historical and cultural context of the mythology of the western United States. It is considered that the wilderness and violence in McCarthy's novels are the deconstruction of American western mythology, and the mockery of the western wilderness as the geographical basis of the mythology of the Western United States, thus constructing McCarthy's unique "landscape" of the West.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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