顺应论视角下班加西听证会中闪避回答的研究

发布时间：2018-10-18 14:41

【摘要】：闪避回答作为一种重要的语用策略,在交际活动中被普遍的运用。听证会中的闪避回答因其特殊的交际目的和需求与日常交流、访谈会话和政治采访中的闪避有很大的不同,值得进一步的研究与分析。闪避回答已经引起了国内外学者的广泛关注,并在许多领域开展了相关研究,取得很多的成果。本文在先前研究的基础上,从顺应论的角度,在一个新的领域开展了尝试性的研究,对班加西听证会中的闪避回答进行了定性分析。本文研究的三个问题是:1.班加西听证会中闪避回答的实现方式是什么?2.闪避回答是如何顺应语境相关因素的?3.班加西听证会中闪避回答实现的语用功能是什么?本研究的语料是来自华盛顿邮报对班加西听证会的全程记录,保证了研究数据的真实性和准确性。作者首先研究了班加西听证会中闪避回答的实现方式是什么,即闪避回答是如何实现的。通过分析发现,希拉里主要通过四种方式实现闪避回答:重申事实、使用模糊语、闪避问题和重复答案。基于此,本文进一步得出结论,希拉里采用闪避回答这一语言策略是受到语境相关因素的限制。为了实现闪避回答,达到交际目的,希拉里必须对听证会的交际语境进行顺应,主要包括社会世界、心理世界和物理世界。通过详细的分析,本文发现闪避回答对社会世界的顺应主要是对社会背景、礼貌以及个人身份的顺应;对心理世界的顺应主要体现在个人情感、听众情感和个人动机上;对物理世界的顺应包含时间因素和空间因素两个方面。通过对这些因素的顺应,回答者能够运用闪避回答来实现自身的目的,满足交际需求。最后,闪避回答在班加西听证会中的语用功能也一一得到了分析,主要有保全面子、塑造积极的公众形象、逃避责难和确保信息安全。本文不仅拓宽了闪避回答的研究领域,而且表明了顺应论对闪避回答的解释力,丰富了从语用学角度对语言现象的研究。此外,通过对闪避回答这一特殊语用策略的研究可以有效指导人们的交际活动,提高语言策略的应用能力,实现自身的交际目的,同时还能保证交际活动的顺利进行。
[Abstract]:As an important pragmatic strategy, evasive answer is widely used in communicative activities. Because of its special communicative purpose and need, the shunning in interview conversation and political interview is quite different, which is worthy of further study and analysis. Evasive answer has attracted extensive attention of scholars at home and abroad, and has carried out related research in many fields and achieved a lot of results. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a tentative study in a new field from the perspective of adaptation theory, and makes a qualitative analysis of the avoidance responses in Benghazi hearings. The three problems studied in this paper are as follows: 1. What is the way to avoid answering the Benghazi hearing? 2. How does the evasive answer adapt to contextual factors? 3. What is the pragmatic function of the evasive answer in the Benghazi hearing? The corpus of this study is from the Washington Post's full record of the Benghazi hearing, which ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the data. The author first studies how to implement the evasive answer in the Benghazi hearing. It is found that Hillary Clinton restates facts, uses vague language, dodges questions and repeats answers in four main ways: restatement of facts, use of vague language, avoidance of questions and repeated answers. Based on this, this paper concludes that Hillary's use of the language strategy of avoidance is restricted by context-related factors. In order to achieve the purpose of communication, Hillary Clinton must adapt to the communicative context of the hearing, including the social world, the psychological world and the physical world. Through detailed analysis, it is found that the adaptation of evasive answers to the social world is mainly to the social background, politeness and personal identity, and the adaptation to the psychological world is mainly embodied in personal emotion, audience emotion and personal motivation. The adaptation to the physical world includes two aspects: time factor and space factor. By adapting to these factors, the respondents can use evasive answers to achieve their own goals and meet the communicative needs. Finally, the pragmatic functions of evasive answers in Benghazi hearings are analyzed, which mainly include saving face, shaping a positive public image, evading censure and ensuring information security. This paper not only broadens the research field of evasive responses, but also shows the explanatory power of adaptation theory to evasive responses, which enriches the study of linguistic phenomena from the perspective of pragmatics. In addition, the study of the special pragmatic strategy of evasive answer can effectively guide people's communicative activities, improve their ability to use language strategies, achieve their communicative purposes, and ensure the smooth progress of communicative activities at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H313

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