从新精神分析角度解读《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的焦虑困境
发布时间：2018-10-25 19:06
【摘要】：杰罗姆.大卫.塞林格在美国当代文坛占有独特的地位,备受学术界的关注。其成名小说《麦田里的守望者》一直是西方评论界关注的焦点。近年来,国内学术界也越来越重视塞林格作为美国战后重要作家的地位和影响。国外的评论与研究相当丰富,主要是从小说主题、社会与政治和女性主义的角度去解读。在国外,精神分析也是一种常用的方法,但很少有人从新精神分析的角度去解读主人公的焦虑情结。相较于国外,国内关于新精神分析的研究更是寥寥无几。新精神分析是美国上世纪四十年代从精神分析运动中分离出来的一个心理学流派,是对古典精神分析的继承和发展。从继承上来看,新精神分析是以古典精神分析为基础,延续了一些概念和观点,如"潜意识"、人格结构的三段论、在人格发展问题上划分不同阶段进行研究、重视早期经验等。从发展上来看,新精神分析更注重社会文化因素对人格的影响,弱化了弗洛伊德的泛性论,如阿德勒提出"自卑感及补偿"作为人格的动力;人格结构上新精神分析学强调自我的独立性和自主性,而不是依附于本我;新精神分析学派还赋予人性更多积极的特征,认为性本善;另外,新精神分析学派不把儿童的早期经验作为人格的决定性因素,认为人格是持续发展的.本文以新精神分析为理论框架,重点解读塞林格的著名小说《麦田里的守望者》中主人公霍尔顿的焦虑情结。运用霍妮新精神分析中的基本焦虑观点分析主人公从青少年过渡到成年过程中的迷茫与焦虑,旨在说明不论是霍尔顿在纽约的三天游荡还是最后做出的回家的选择,都反映了其内心的冲突与矛盾,这些矛盾在人的心理上产生的后果即基本焦虑。其次,霍妮认为导致这些内心冲突与矛盾的基础是现存社会文化的矛盾。第三,为了减轻基本焦虑,人就产生了一些潜意识的驱动力量即心理需要,不同的人偏执于不同的心理需要,就形成了不同的性格。霍妮将其归类为以下三种性格:顺从型、攻击型和退缩型。最后,结合作品分析,爱和归家是霍尔顿减轻焦虑的最好解决办法。通过对《麦田里的守望者》主人公焦虑的新精神分析解读,本文一方面给这部小说的研究与解读提供了一个新的视角;另一方面,新精神分析打破传统精神分析的界限,为以后文学作品研究提供了新的理论和思路。同时,这对以后中国文学作品的创作指出了一个新方向。
[Abstract]:Jerome David Salinger occupies a unique position in the contemporary American literary world and has attracted much attention from academic circles. His famous novel Catcher in the Rye has always been the focus of western critics. In recent years, the domestic academic circles also pay more and more attention to Salinger's position and influence as an important American postwar writer. Foreign comments and studies are abundant, mainly from the perspective of novel theme, society and politics and feminism. Psychoanalysis is also a common method in foreign countries, but few people interpret the anxiety complex of the protagonist from the perspective of new psychoanalysis. Compared with foreign countries, there are few researches on new psychoanalysis in China. The new psychoanalysis is a psychological school separated from the psychoanalysis movement in the 1940s, which inherits and develops the classical psychoanalysis. From the perspective of inheritance, Neo-Psychoanalysis is based on classical psychoanalysis and continues some concepts and viewpoints, such as "subconscious", syllogism of personality structure, and studies on different stages of personality development. Attach importance to early experience, etc. From the point of view of development, the new psychoanalysis pays more attention to the influence of social and cultural factors on personality, which weakens Freud's theory of universality, such as Adler's idea of "inferiority complex and compensation" as the motive force of personality; In personality structure, the new psychoanalysis emphasizes the independence and autonomy of self, rather than depending on the ego, and the new psychoanalysis school also gives more positive features to human nature, and holds that the nature is good. In addition, the Neo-Psychoanalytic School does not regard children's early experience as the decisive factor of personality. Taking the new psychoanalysis as the theoretical framework, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the anxiety complex of the protagonist Holden in Salinger's famous novel the Catcher in the Rye. Using the basic anxiety viewpoint of Honey's New Psychoanalysis to analyze the protagonists' confusion and anxiety in their transition from adolescence to adulthood, the purpose of this analysis is to illustrate whether Holden's three days of wandering in New York or his final choice to go home. Both reflect their inner conflicts and contradictions, the psychological consequences of these contradictions are basic anxiety. Secondly, Honey believes that the foundation of these inner conflicts is the contradiction of existing social culture. Third, in order to alleviate the basic anxiety, people have some subconscious driving force, that is, psychological needs, different people are paranoid to different psychological needs, forming different personality. Honey classifies it as three types of personality: submissive, aggressive, and retreating. Finally, combining the work analysis, love and home is Holden's best solution to ease anxiety. Through the new psychoanalysis of the anxiety of the protagonists in the Catcher in the Rye, this paper provides a new perspective for the study and interpretation of the novel; On the other hand, the new psychoanalysis breaks the boundary of traditional psychoanalysis and provides new theories and ideas for the later study of literary works. At the same time, it points out a new direction for the later creation of Chinese literature.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
本文编号：2294560
[Abstract]:Jerome David Salinger occupies a unique position in the contemporary American literary world and has attracted much attention from academic circles. His famous novel Catcher in the Rye has always been the focus of western critics. In recent years, the domestic academic circles also pay more and more attention to Salinger's position and influence as an important American postwar writer. Foreign comments and studies are abundant, mainly from the perspective of novel theme, society and politics and feminism. Psychoanalysis is also a common method in foreign countries, but few people interpret the anxiety complex of the protagonist from the perspective of new psychoanalysis. Compared with foreign countries, there are few researches on new psychoanalysis in China. The new psychoanalysis is a psychological school separated from the psychoanalysis movement in the 1940s, which inherits and develops the classical psychoanalysis. From the perspective of inheritance, Neo-Psychoanalysis is based on classical psychoanalysis and continues some concepts and viewpoints, such as "subconscious", syllogism of personality structure, and studies on different stages of personality development. Attach importance to early experience, etc. From the point of view of development, the new psychoanalysis pays more attention to the influence of social and cultural factors on personality, which weakens Freud's theory of universality, such as Adler's idea of "inferiority complex and compensation" as the motive force of personality; In personality structure, the new psychoanalysis emphasizes the independence and autonomy of self, rather than depending on the ego, and the new psychoanalysis school also gives more positive features to human nature, and holds that the nature is good. In addition, the Neo-Psychoanalytic School does not regard children's early experience as the decisive factor of personality. Taking the new psychoanalysis as the theoretical framework, this paper focuses on the interpretation of the anxiety complex of the protagonist Holden in Salinger's famous novel the Catcher in the Rye. Using the basic anxiety viewpoint of Honey's New Psychoanalysis to analyze the protagonists' confusion and anxiety in their transition from adolescence to adulthood, the purpose of this analysis is to illustrate whether Holden's three days of wandering in New York or his final choice to go home. Both reflect their inner conflicts and contradictions, the psychological consequences of these contradictions are basic anxiety. Secondly, Honey believes that the foundation of these inner conflicts is the contradiction of existing social culture. Third, in order to alleviate the basic anxiety, people have some subconscious driving force, that is, psychological needs, different people are paranoid to different psychological needs, forming different personality. Honey classifies it as three types of personality: submissive, aggressive, and retreating. Finally, combining the work analysis, love and home is Holden's best solution to ease anxiety. Through the new psychoanalysis of the anxiety of the protagonists in the Catcher in the Rye, this paper provides a new perspective for the study and interpretation of the novel; On the other hand, the new psychoanalysis breaks the boundary of traditional psychoanalysis and provides new theories and ideas for the later study of literary works. At the same time, it points out a new direction for the later creation of Chinese literature.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074
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