喀左紫砂陶制作工艺探究

发布时间：2019-04-04 20:48

【摘要】：素有“北方紫陶之都”之称的喀左是我国北方重要的制陶产区,喀左紫砂陶在国内外均享有盛名,是除了江苏宜兴之外,我国北方主要紫砂陶的产地。在距今六七千年的红山文化时期,在喀左东山嘴祭祀遗址就已经发掘出了大量的陶器。喀左紫砂陶的制陶工艺的悠久历史,喀左的制陶历史悠久,矿产资源丰富,制作工艺逐步走向成熟,独居民族特色的装饰纹样和精美绝伦的器物造型完美结合,体现着民族的审美观念。喀左紫砂陶的制作工艺随着时代的不断进步,也逐渐趋于成熟。从最初的纯手工制作,到很多机器融入到了紫砂陶的制作当中。最初的人工开采紫砂矿料现在变为机器开采、炼泥、选料,一些工艺品的制作和生活用品的生产等现在都由机器生产,节省了大量的人力,物力和财力,大大提高了生产效率,为经济带来了更高,更快的收益,同时解决了更多人的就业问题,克服了紫砂陶工艺品纯手工制作、耗时长、价格贵、不可复杂的弊端。紫砂陶器的制作是集美术,书法,雕刻,设计,于一体的传统手工工艺,在我国有着悠久的历史和文化。传统手工艺蕴含了地方民俗文化的特质,其重点是强调地方民俗性。伴随着信息化社会的发展喀左紫砂陶在工艺和艺术方面都有所提高,通过勤劳智慧的民间艺人们不懈努力,正逐步试探走出自己的紫陶艺术特点。创造出有着民族独有的特色,非常具有内涵丰富的多种艺术风格。作为民用的喀左紫砂陶制品与当地的民俗文化、民族特色紧密结合,在造型设计和装饰纹样等很多方面都有所体现,蕴含着鲜明的地域文化艺术特征。宜兴作为紫砂陶的主要产区名气斐然,可以说喀左紫砂陶的发展,借鉴了不少宜兴的成功经验,甚至最初喀左很多传统的手艺人师承宜兴,对比宜兴和喀左紫砂陶的制作工艺就会发现,喀左紫砂陶和宜兴紫砂在现代工艺方面大体一致,但由于地域风土人情不同、民族审美趣味不同,所以在设计造型和装饰风格上也有很大的差异。换句话说,对喀左紫砂陶的设计和装饰风格进行研究,也能对当地民俗进行了解,对当地居民的审美是一种体现。通过对宜兴与喀左紫砂陶的比较,能够在一定程度上反应出南方地方差异。本文将在尊重历史的前提下,对喀左紫砂陶的发展做出简要介绍,并重点研究喀左紫砂陶的制作工艺、装饰纹样、设计造型等工艺方面,让更多的人了解到紫砂陶的工艺。同时就怎样保护好紫砂陶地域民族文化特征,并将其传承、发展下去发现提出建议,希望为喀左紫砂陶的未来发展做出一些学术上的贡献。
[Abstract]:Kazuo, known as "the capital of northern purple pottery", is an important pottery producing area in northern China. Kazuo purple sand pottery is well-known at home and abroad. It is the main producing area of purple sand pottery in northern China except Yixing, Jiangsu Province. In Hongshan Culture period, six or seven thousand years ago, a large number of pottery were excavated at the site of Kazuo Dongshan mouth sacrifice. Kazuo Zisha pottery has a long history of making pottery, its pottery has a long history, rich in mineral resources, and its production technology is gradually becoming mature, and the decorative patterns with unique national characteristics and the exquisite utensils and shapes are perfectly combined. It embodies the aesthetic concept of the nation. With the continuous progress of the times, the production technology of Kazuo purple sand pottery also tends to mature gradually. From the original pure hand-made, to a lot of machines into the production of purple pottery. The original manual mining of purple sand mineral materials has now become machine mining, refining mud, selecting materials, making some handicrafts and producing household supplies, and so on, which has saved a great deal of manpower, material and financial resources, and greatly improved production efficiency. It has brought higher and faster benefits to the economy, solved the employment problem of more people, and overcome the disadvantages of pure handmade purple sand pottery handicrafts, which is time-consuming, expensive and not complicated. Purple sand pottery production is a collection of art, calligraphy, carving, design, in one of the traditional handicraft, in our country has a long history and culture. Traditional handicraft contains the characteristics of local folk culture, the emphasis of which is to emphasize local folklore. With the development of information society, Kazuo Zisha pottery has improved both in craft and art. Through the unremitting efforts of industrious and intelligent folk artists, it is gradually exploring out of its own artistic characteristics of purple pottery. Create a unique national characteristics, very rich in connotation of a variety of artistic styles. As a civilian, Kazuo purple sand pottery products are closely combined with local folk culture and national characteristics. They are embodied in many aspects such as modeling design and decorative patterns, and contain distinct regional cultural and artistic characteristics. Yixing is famous as the main producing area of Zisha Pottery. It can be said that the development of Kazuo Zisha Pottery has drawn lessons from many successful experiences of Yixing, and even started with many traditional craftsmen in Kuzuo under the guidance of Yixing. By comparing the production technology of Yixing and Kazuo Zisha Pottery, we can find that Kazuo Zisha Pottery and Yixing Zisha Pottery are generally the same in modern technology, but because of different regional customs and customs, ethnic aesthetic tastes are different. Therefore, there are also great differences in design, modeling and decoration style. In other words, the research on the design and decoration style of Kazuo purple sand pottery can also understand the local folk custom, and it is a kind of embodiment to the local residents' aesthetic appreciation. Through the comparison of Yixing and Kazuo purple sand pottery, it can reflect the local differences in the south to a certain extent. This article will make a brief introduction to the development of Kazuo purple sand pottery on the premise of respecting history, and focus on the production technology, decorative patterns, design and modeling of Kazuo purple sand pottery, so as to make more people know about the technology of purple sand pottery. At the same time, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to protect the cultural characteristics of Zisha pottery region, inherit and develop it, and hope to make some academic contributions for the future development of Kazuo Zisha pottery.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：J527

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