遮阴与光氮互作对玉簪品种生长影响及引种玉簪品种综合评价

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:18

本文关键词：遮阴与光氮互作对玉簪品种生长影响及引种玉簪品种综合评价　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：玉簪属(Hosta)植物为百合科(Liliaceae)多年生草本花卉,其品种丰富,形态独具特色,具有观赏期长、适应性强等特点,尤其是玉簪的耐阴性很强,是极好的林下绿化地被植物,具有很高的观赏价值和园林应用价值。本研究以沈阳市植物园引进的玉簪属植物为研究对象,观察其在北方地区自然条件下的生长状况,记录其植物学特征,并结合熵AHP层次分析法,构建景观评价模型,从而筛选出适宜北方环境条件的优良玉簪品种;根据实际生长状况,挑选出'蓝天使'(Hosta'Blue Angel')、'豪华冠'(Hosta'Grand Tiara')和'保罗的荣誉'(Hosta'Grand Tiara')3个玉簪品种,对其光合日变化进行试验,探究其光合特性及光适应性。对3个玉簪品种进行不同遮阴(全光照、透光率50%、30%、10%)和氮素施用(2.5g、5g、7.5g/盆)处理,从形态特征、叶片光合特性等方面对其进行研究,了解遮阴和光氮互作对3种玉簪生长发育的影响,并分析找到3种玉簪的最适生长光照条件和氮素施用量,为玉簪属植物的园林应用提供理论指导。主要研究结果如下:(1)结合熵AHP层次分析法将40种(品种)玉簪的观赏价值分为4个等级:Ⅰ级(4.0),为观赏价值极高的种类,计3种;Ⅱ级(3.5-4.0),为观赏价值高的种类,计12种;Ⅲ级(3.0-3.5),为观赏价值较高的种类,计16种;Ⅳ级(3.0),为观赏价值一般的种类,计9种。(2)3种玉簪净光合速率日均表现为双峰曲线,其峰值分别出现在上午10:00和下午16:00,且第一峰显著高于第二峰,14:00出现光合"午休"现象。蒸腾速率与气孔导度日变化与净光合速率日变化趋势相同,胞间CO2浓度则呈相反趋势。3种玉簪水分利用率在14:00达到全天最高值。相关性分析表明,3种玉簪净光合速率与胞间C02浓度均有极其显著负相关关系(p0.01),净光合速率与气孔导度均成极其显著正相关关系(p0.01),且净光合速率与气孔导度相关系数最高。'蓝天使'光补偿点与光饱和点差值最大,具有更大的光适应范围,'保罗的荣誉'表观量子效率达到0.053μmol·m-2·s-1,具有更好的光能利用率。(3)3种玉簪在遮阴处理下净光合速率日变化均变为单峰曲线,'蓝天使'在50%光照条件下净光合速率值达到最大,而'豪华冠'和'保罗的荣誉'在30%处理时净光合速率最大。3种玉簪光补偿点均小于20,均具有强耐阴性。遮阴条件下3种玉簪各形态指标均有增长,'蓝天使'在50%光照条件下长势最好,'豪华冠'和'保罗的荣誉'更适宜30%光照条件。随遮阴程度上升,玉簪营养分配由地下部分转移到地上部分生长发育,增大叶面积,提升光合能力。3种玉簪叶绿素含量随光照强度减弱呈上升趋势。'蓝天使'和'保罗的荣誉'在30%光照条件下叶绿素含量最大,'豪华冠'则在10%处理最大。叶绿素a/b值则表现出相反趋势,说明叶绿素b增长率大于叶绿素a,增强自身对蓝紫光能力,且均小于2.3,说明3种玉簪均为较强耐阴品种。遮阴对3种玉簪荧光指标初始荧光值、最大荧光值和最大光化学量子效率无显著影响,Fv/Fm有一定幅度上升,光转化效率提升。(4)对3种玉簪进行2个光照和4个氮素处理发现,3种玉簪在30%光照条件下,对氮素的利用能力较强,在50%高光条件下则需求降低。'蓝天使'在50%光照和2.5g/盆,'豪华冠'和'保罗的荣誉'在30%光照和5g/盆处理时光合速率更高,有利于有机物积累,促进生长发育。
[Abstract]:Hosta (Hosta) plants of Liliaceae (Liliaceae) perennial herbaceous flowers, its rich variety, unique shape, with ornamental characteristics of long period and strong adaptability, especially the Hosta shade tolerance is very strong, is an excellent forest green plant, has high ornamental value and landscape value. In this study the introduction to the Shenyang botanical garden of Hosta Plants as the research object, observe the natural conditions in the northern region of the growth status, record their botanical characteristics, combined with the entropy analysis method of AHP, the construction of landscape evaluation model, so as to select the excellent Hosta Cultivars Suitable for Northern environmental conditions; according to the actual growth status, selection the 'Angel' (Hosta'Blue Angel'),' crown '(Hosta'Grand Tiara') and 'Paul' (Hosta'Grand Tiara') in honor of the 3 Hosta cultivars, diurnal changes of photosynthesis were tested to explore the characteristics of photosynthesis and light adaptation. Different shading on 3 Hosta cultivars (full light, light transmittance of 50%, 30%, 10%) and nitrogen fertilizer (2.5G, 5g, 7.5g/ basin), from the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and other aspects of its research, understand the shading and interaction of light and nitrogen on the growth and development of 3 kinds of major impact analysis and found 3 Hosta the optimum growth light condition and nitrogen level, the theoretical guidance for the Hosta Plants Landscape Application provides. The main results are as follows: (1) combined with the analysis of hierarchy entropy AHP 40 (varieties) of Hosta ornamental value is divided into 4 grades: Grade I (4), for species with high ornamental value, 3; II (3.5-4.0), for the high value of ornamental species, 12 species; class III (3.0-3.5), for species with high ornamental value, 16; IV (3), for the types of ornamental value, 9. (2) 3 Hosta net photosynthetic rate for Shuangfeng daily performance curve, the peak appeared in the morning and afternoon 10:00 16:00, and the first peak was significantly higher than that of the second peaks of 14:00 appeared middaydepression phenomenon. The diurnal variation of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was the same as that of net photosynthetic rate, but the concentration of intercellular CO2 was opposite. The 3 rate reached the highest value of 14:00 in the all day long water lily. The correlation analysis showed that 3 species of Hosta net photosynthetic rate and intercellular C02 concentration had extremely significant negative correlation (P0.01), net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were extremely significant positive correlation (P0.01), and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the highest correlation coefficient. 'Angel' light compensation point and light saturation at the maximum value, with a greater range of light adaptation, "the honor of Paul 'apparent quantum efficiency can reach to 0.053 mol - m-2 - s-1, the utilization rate of the light energy is better. (3) changes of 3 kinds of Hosta in shading under the net photosynthetic rate was changed as a single peak curve, the 'Angel' in the 50% light conditions of net photosynthetic rate reaches the maximum value, and the 'crown' and 'Paul' in 30% when the honor of the highest net photosynthetic rate. 3 Hosta light compensation points were less than 20, with strong negative resistance. 3 the morphological index increased Hosta under shading condition, the 'Angel' in the 50% light conditions grew best, 'crown' and 'Paul' honor is more suitable for the 30% light conditions. With the increase of shading degree, Hosta nutrient allocation from underground part to the ground part growth, increased leaf area, enhance photosynthetic capacity. 3 types of Hosta chlorophyll content with light intensity decreased upward trend. 'Angel' and 'Paul' honor in 30% light conditions the maximum chlorophyll content, the 'luxury' crown in 10% maximum. The chlorophyll a/b value showed the opposite trend, B growth rate is greater than that of chlorophyll a chlorophyll, enhance their ability of blue violet, and less than 2.3, 3 are strong shade tolerant varieties of hosta. Shading on 3 types of Hosta fluorescence index initial fluorescence and maximum fluorescence value and the maximal photochemical quantum efficiency has no significant effect on Fv/Fm, rise to a certain extent, improve the efficiency of light conversion. (4) 3 2 Hosta light and 4 nitrogen treatments, 3 kinds of Hosta in 30% light conditions, the nitrogen utilization ability, reduce the demand in 50% high light conditions. 'Angel' in the 50% light and 2.5g/ basin, 'crown' and 'Paul' in honor of 30% light and 5g/ pot photosynthetic rate is higher, is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter, promote the growth and development.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S682.19

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