龙岩烟区烟草病虫害种类调查及防治对策研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 01:27

本文关键词：龙岩烟区烟草病虫害种类调查及防治对策研究　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：烟草经济是农业经济重要组成部分,福建省是烟草种植的大省,其中南平市、三明市和龙岩市为烟草主栽区。烟区烟草病虫害种类和发生规律研究,对指导烟草病虫害防治有重要作用。2013～2015年进行龙岩烟区的烟草病虫害种类和发生规律调查及防治技术研究。鉴定了烟草侵染性病害15种,其中病毒病3种:烟草普通花叶病毒病(TMV)、烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)、烟草马铃薯Y病毒病(PVY);细菌性病害3种:烟草青枯病、烟草空茎病、烟草野火病;真菌性病害9种:烟草赤星病、烟草炭疽病、烟草白粉病、烟草灰霉病、烟草煤污病、烟草根茎腐病、烟草镰刀菌根腐病、烟草黑胫病、烟草斑点病。龙岩烟区常年危害严重的病害为烟草病毒病(TMV、CMV、PVY)、烟草青枯病、烟草赤星病。2013～2015年TMV、CMV发病率达到在4.91%～19.15%,发病指数在1.493～8.347,而PVY发病均为轻度发生,发病率在0.56%～1.43%,发病指数在 0.360～0.444。2013～2015年烟草青枯病发病率分别为13.30%、7.24%、2.08%,但呈逐年下降的趋势;而烟草空腔病发病率分别为1.23%、3.95%、1.27%,烟草野火病零星发生。2013～2015年赤星病发病率分别为10.34%、8.59%、6.40%,呈逐年降低趋势,这与移栽期逐年提前有一定的关系。记录生理性病害11种(类),其中药害5种:二氯喹啉酸、草甘膦、乙草胺、氟节胺、二甲戊灵;气候性病害或灾害6种:气候斑点病、冻害、日灼、风灾、水害、冰雹灾害。记录虫害及软体动物种类10种:烟蚜、小地老虎、烟青虫、稻绿蝽、斜纹夜蛾、蛴螬、蝼蛄、烟粉虱、野蛞蝓、蜗牛。烟蚜、小地老虎、斜纹夜蛾为主要害虫。烟蚜不仅是取食叶片造成烟叶减产,另外带毒烟蚜在取食叶片的同时传播了病毒病。2013年～2015年烟蚜有虫株率分别为25%、20.00%、9.47%,危害情况呈现逐年减轻的趋势。烟青虫为危害烟叶的次要害虫,有虫株率在2.22%-5.33%之间。斜纹夜蛾与小地老虎的危害程度较轻,有虫株率在0.06%以内。试验结果表明:客土改沙结合增施有机肥,能提高烟株抗病性。客土改沙后烟田根茎病害发病较轻,以客土改沙溶田后亩用200公斤的草原"纯羊粪,"表现较明显,根茎病发病率比对照降低3%;赤星病发病率比对照降低1.5%。2013～2015年推广烟蚜茧蜂防治烟蚜技术,平均防效达到70%,能有效控制蚜虫的为害。据调查烟田还存在蚜虫天敌:烟蚜茧蜂、草岭、草间小黑蛛、三突花蛛等、食蚜蝇。因此,通过农业技术和生物技术控制烟草病虫害方面具有一定作用。
[Abstract]:The tobacco economy is an important part of the agricultural economy. Fujian province is a major province of tobacco planting, among which Nanping, Sanming City and Longyan are the main tobacco planting areas. The study on the species and regularity of tobacco pests and diseases in tobacco areas plays an important role in the prevention and control of tobacco diseases and pests. In the past 2013~2015 years, the species and regularity of tobacco diseases and insect pests in Longyan tobacco area were investigated and the prevention and control techniques were studied. The identification of 15 kinds of tobacco infectious diseases, including viral disease 3: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY); bacterial disease 3: tobacco bacterial wilt, tobacco stem pitting disease, Tobacco Wildfire Disease; fungal disease 9 A: Alternaria alternata, tobacco anthracnose, powdery mildew, Botrytis cinerea, tobacco tobacco tobacco tobacco Sooty Blotch, rhizome rot, Fusarium root rot of tobacco, tobacco, black shank of tobacco spot disease. Tobacco virus disease (TMV, CMV, PVY), tobacco bacterial wilt and tobacco brown spot are the most serious diseases in Longyan tobacco area. In the past 2013~2015 years, the incidence of TMV and CMV reached 4.91% to 19.15%, and the incidence index was 1.493 to 8.347, while the incidence of PVY was mild. The incidence rate was 0.56% to 1.43%, and the incidence index was 0.360 to 0.444. In recent 2013~2015 years, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was 13.30%, 7.24% and 2.08%, but showed a decreasing trend. The incidence of tobacco cavity disease was 1.23%, 3.95% and 1.27%, respectively, and tobacco wildfire disease occurred sporadically. The incidence of red star disease in 2013~2015 years was 10.34%, 8.59% and 6.40% respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year, which has a certain relationship with the advance of transplanting. Record the physiological disease 11 (class), of which 5 kinds of injury: two Quinclorac, glyphosate and acetochlor, flumetralin, two pendimethalin; climate diseases or disasters in 6 ways: weather fleck, frost damage, sunburn, storm, flood, hail disaster. Records of 10 species of pests and animal software: Myzus persicae, cutworm, tobacco budworm, Nezara viridula, Spodoptera litura, grubs, mole crickets, whitefly, wild slugs, snails. Myzus persicae, cutworm, Spodoptera litura as main pests. Not only is caused by tobacco leaf feeding tobacco production, also the poison in leaf feeding and Myzus persicae transmitted virus disease. From 2013 to 2015, the worm strain rate were 25%, 20%, 9.47%, damage showed trend of decrease year by year. The tobacco green insect is a minor pest that is harmful to the tobacco leaves, and the rate of the insect is between 2.22%-5.33%. The damage degree of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the small tigers is less than that of 0.06%. Experimental results show that the modified sand soil with organic fertilizer, can improve the disease resistance of tobacco plant. Land reform after sand tobacco rhizome diseases pathogenesis, to land reform after the land with 200 acres of sand dissolved kg Grassland "pure sheep" is more obvious. The root disease incidence rate is 3% lower than the control; red star disease incidence rate decreased by 1.5% compared with the control. From 2013 to 2015 to promote a.gifuensis control aphid control effect reached 70%, on average, can effectively control the aphid infestation. According to the investigation of tobacco aphid enemies still exist: a.gifuensis, Tsaoling, E.graminicolum, three, syrphids flower spider. Therefore, it has a certain role to control tobacco diseases and insect pests through agricultural technology and biotechnology.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.72

【参考文献】