秸秆还田对土壤性状和玉米产量的影响

发布时间：2017-12-27 21:05

本文关键词：秸秆还田对土壤性状和玉米产量的影响　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为明确秸秆还田的还田间隔时间及加氮对土壤性状及玉米产量的影响,于2015在辽宁省阜新县大固本镇的褐土耕地进行处理为秸秆隔年还田、秸秆连续还田、秸秆连续还田配施氮肥的试验。结果表明:(1)与不还田相比,处理第一年,秸秆还田及加氮对土壤物理性状没有影响;处理第五年,降低土壤容重、增加土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度和田间持水量,其中连续还田好于隔年还田,加氮有明显的促进作用。(2)秸秆还田当年及第五年均增加土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质含量,其中;连续还田好于隔年还田,加氮有明显的促进作用;与当年不还田相比,一年和五年的增幅相近。(3)秸秆还田当年虽然有增加玉米产量和百粒重的趋势,但差异并不显著;秸秆还田第五年表现出明显增产和增加百粒重的效果,玉米增产幅度为3.07%～11.69%,百粒重增幅为1.41%～5.20%,连续还田和隔年还田对产量及百粒重的影响不大,但增加氮素具有显著的增效作用,其中产量增加5.51%、百粒重增加3.65%。秸秆连续还田、隔年还田及增加氮素对玉米的出籽率没有影响。(4)本试验结果还表明,秸秆还田虽然是较好的增加土壤养分、改善土壤物理性状、增加产量的重要增肥地力的手段,但需要长期不断的实施,秸秆还田同时适量增加氮素的供应才能获得良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Effect of returning straw and clear time interval of nitrogen addition on soil properties and maize yield, in 2015 in Fuxin County in Liaoning Province town of the solid land soil treatment test in straw returning, straw returning, continuous straw returning with continuous nitrogen. The results showed that: (1) compared with no straw returning treatment, the first year of straw and nitrogen addition had no effect on soil physical properties; fifth years, reduced soil bulk density and increased soil total porosity, capillary porosity and field capacity, which is better than last year also continuous returning farmland, nitrogen addition significantly promoted. (2) the year five with an average annual increase of straw and soil nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content, which is better than last year; continuous straw returning, and nitrogen have significant positive effects; compared with the year of return, one year and five years increased by similar. (3) the year although there is an increase of corn straw yield and 100 grain weight trend, but the difference was not significant; straw fifth years showed a significant yield increase and 100 grain weight effect, increase in yield of maize was 3.07% ~ 11.69%, 100 grain weight increased by 1.41% ~ 5.20%, and the following year continuous returning to field on little the effect of yield and 100 grain weight, but the increase of nitrogen has obvious synergistic effect, the yield increased 5.51% and 100 grain weight increased 3.65%. Straw returning, returning the following year and continuous increase of nitrogen had no influence on maize seed rate. (4) the results showed that the straw is better increase soil nutrients, improve soil physical properties, increase the yield of the important means of soil fertility, but take long time to implement, while the amount of straw returning increased the nitrogen supply in order to obtain good results.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S141.4;S513

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