亚种间四倍体水稻结实特性及生理特性的研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 22:12

本文关键词：亚种间四倍体水稻结实特性及生理特性的研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在多倍体水平进一步挖掘稻属植物的潜在价值是当前水稻遗传改良的重要研究方向之一。前人的研究结果表明,同源四倍体水稻在大群体与小群体之间存在着结实率的稳定性问题有待进一步研究,而亚种间四倍体水稻具有比较稳定的结实特性。因此,研究亚种间四倍体水稻的结实特性已经成为水稻育种的重要主题之一。本项研究以二倍体粳稻母本、二倍体籼稻父本及稳定的亚种间四倍体水稻株系为材料,对其结实率特性进行了研究。与此同时,以亚种间二倍体水稻及相应的亚种间四倍体水稻作为研究材料,分别在发芽期和幼苗期进行了高温胁迫和低温胁迫实验,以期探明染色体组四倍化后温度胁迫对水稻生理特性的影响;观察了温度胁迫条件下水稻幼苗的萌发状态;对部分生理生化指标进行了分析;对胁迫条件下亚种间四倍体水稻幼苗光叶片合特性进行了初步的研究。通过本实验的研究得出如下结论:1.研究了亚种间四倍体水稻的结实特性。研究结果表明,染色体组加倍后显著增加了亚种间四倍体水稻的穗长和千粒重;稻穗上部颖花的结实率高于稻穗中部颖花的结实率和整穗颖花的平均结实率,而稻穗下部颖花的结实率比较低;亚种间四倍体水稻稻穗颖花的结实率和开花顺序与二倍体水稻稻穗颖花的结实率和开花顺序基本一致;在单个稻穗内一次枝梗上的颖花由上至下依次开花,一次枝梗上二次枝梗的颖花同样由上至下依次开花;一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的颖花是枝梗顶端的颖花首先开花,接着从枝梗基部由下向上依次开花;稻穗的整穗颖花的平均结实率与每穗颖花数、一次枝梗结实率、二次枝梗结实率及穗下部结实率呈现出极显著相关性。与二倍体水稻相比,亚种间四倍体水稻具有比较高且比较稳定的结实特性。2.研究了不同温度对亚种间四倍体水稻发芽特性及生化代谢指标的影响。研究结果表明,温度胁迫后,四份实验材料幼苗的发芽率和发芽势均下降,亚种间四倍体水稻的发芽率及发芽势均不同程度的高于相应的二倍体材料。对丙二醛的研究结果发现,处理后四份实验材料的丙二醛含量均显著升高,亚种间四倍体水稻增幅较低且恢复处理降低了丙二醛的含量,表明亚种间四倍体水稻在温度胁迫后,膜系统受损伤程度更低,恢复处理在一定程度上修复了受损的膜系统。考察温度胁迫下四倍体水稻的SOD、POD和CAT三种抗氧化酶活性以及脯氨酸含量,发现其活性均高于相对应的二倍体水稻,说明在温度胁迫下亚种间四倍体水稻对活性氧自由基的清除能力比较强。3.研究了不同温度对亚种间四倍体水稻光合特性的影响。研究结果表明,温度胁迫后,光合气体交换参数中的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)在四份实验材料中均显著降低,胞间二氧化碳含量(Ci)升高。在恢复处理的条件下,亚种间四倍体水稻幼苗材料表现出更强的恢复能力。从叶绿素荧光参数的测定结果来看,整体上来说与光合气体交换参数的变化趋势基本一致。高温胁迫后主要表现为气孔限制因素,而低温胁迫下主要为气孔限制因素和非气孔限制因素同时起作用。通过研究发现,相同的温度胁迫处理对亚种间四倍体水稻光合的影响较小,且能更好地恢复。这些实验结果表明,亚种间四倍体水稻表现出更强的适应性和应激能力。
[Abstract]:The potential value of further mining of rice plants at the polyploid level is one of the important research directions of rice genetic improvement. Previous studies showed that the stability of the autotetraploid rice in large population and small population needs further study, while the interspecific tetraploid rice has relatively stable seed setting characteristics. Therefore, the study of the seed setting characteristics of tetraploid rice among subspecies has become one of the important topics in rice breeding. In this study, the characteristics of seed setting rate of diploid japonica rice parent, diploid indica male parent and stable interspecific tetraploid rice line were studied. At the same time, the subspecies and the corresponding diploid rice subspecies of tetraploid rice were used as research material, high temperature stress and low temperature stress in the germination period and seedling stage, in order to explore the genome four times after effects of temperature stress on the physiological characteristics of rice; to observe the germination of rice seedlings under temperature stress; the physiological and biochemical indexes were analyzed; the stress conditions of Intersubspecific autotetraploid rice seedlings light leaf photosynthetic characteristics were studied. The conclusions are as follows: 1. the seed setting characteristics of tetraploid rice between subspecies are studied. The results showed that chromosome doubling increased significantly after the subspecies of tetraploid rice panicle length and 1000 grain weight of rice; the upper floret seed rate is higher than the seed setting rate of rice middle spikelet and the whole spikelet average seed setting rate, and lower the rice spikelet setting rate is relatively low; sub species of tetraploid rice rice glume flower and seed setting rate of sequence and diploid rice panicle spikelet fertility rate and flowering order consistent flowering; in a single panicle branch spikelets from up to down in bloom, a branch of the two branch of the same spikelet from up to down in flowering; the first branch and the two branch the spikelet is branch top spikelet flowering stems from the first, then the base from bottom to top of the whole flowering; panicle spikelet per panicle seed setting rate and average number of spikelets per panicle, seed setting rate, a branch of the two branch and seed setting rate of spike The seed setting rate showed a very significant correlation. Compared with diploid rice, the intersubspecific tetraploid rice has higher and more stable seed setting characteristics. 2. the effects of different temperatures on the germination characteristics and biochemical metabolic indices of tetraploid rice in subspecies were studied. The results showed that the germination rate and germination potential of four experimental materials decreased after temperature stress, and the germination rate and germination potential of interspecific tetraploid rice were all higher than those of the corresponding diploid materials. Study on MDA and found that after the treatment of four experimental materials were all significantly increased, the increase in the lower intersubspecific autotetraploid rice and recovery treatment decreased the content of MDA, showed that tetraploid rice subspecies in the temperature stress, the membrane system damage degree is lower, the recovery processing repair damaged the membrane system in a certain degree on. The activities of three antioxidant enzymes and proline contents in SOD, POD and CAT of tetraploid rice under temperature stress were investigated, and their activities were all higher than that of the corresponding diploid rice. It indicated that under temperature stress, the interspecific tetraploid rice had stronger scavenging capacity to ROS. 3. the effects of different temperatures on the photosynthetic characteristics of tetraploid rice between subspecies were studied. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters decreased significantly in four experimental materials, and the intercellular CO2 content (Ci) increased after temperature stress. Under the condition of recovery treatment, the seedling material of tetraploid rice showed stronger ability to recover. According to the results of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, the trend of the change of photosynthetic gas exchange parameters is basically the same. The main manifestations of high temperature stress are stomatal restriction factors, while the main factors are stomatal restriction and non stomatal limiting factors under low temperature stress. It was found that the same temperature stress treatment had little effect on the photosynthesis of tetraploid rice and could be better recovered. The results of these experiments showed that the intersubspecific tetraploid rice showed stronger adaptability and stress.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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