氟唑活化酯防治土传病害的研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 00:34

本文关键词：氟唑活化酯防治土传病害的研究　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：有效的进行病害的防治是植物保护研究的重要内容。在农业持续发展的前提下,通过诱导因子的诱导处理,使植物得到系统获得抗性是目前较有前景的诱导抗病手段。土传病害一直是制约我国农业发展的难题,针对我国土传病害严重而无简单有效的防治手段的问题,本文以国内具有自主知识产权的新型抗病诱导剂氟唑活化酯(2,2,2-三氟乙基苯并[1,2,3]噻二唑-7-甲酸酯,FBT)为研究对象,探索氟唑活化酯诱导植物抗土传病害的应用技术,采用含毒介质法研究氟唑活化酯的离体活性,应用室内盆栽法研究其施用技术,通过氟唑活化酯诱导黄瓜后过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化对其诱导抗病机理进行了研究,同时以黄瓜为材料对氟唑活化酯的安全性进行了探索,主要研究结果如下:明确了氟唑活化酯的离体、活体活性。5%氟唑活化酯乳油在离体条件下无杀菌活性,在有效成分15 mg/L和25 mg/L浓度下,5%氟唑活化酯乳油对上述水稻立枯病rice seedling blight、黄瓜猝倒病 cucumber damp-off、玉米纹枯病 corn sheath bligh3 类病害的的防治效果分别为31.88%～61.91%、56.52%～88.71%和39.08%～63.22%。试验表明通过喷雾氟唑活化酯可诱导植物抗病,叶面施药方式为病害防治提供了一条有效途径。明确了氟唑活化酯的应用技术。通过盆栽试验表明,5%氟唑活化酯乳油在25 mg/L浓度下,间隔7 d施药3次对植物诱导抗性最佳,施用氟唑活化酯诱导玉米抗纹枯病结果表明,其持效期在15 d以上。明确了氟唑活化酯的抗病机理。黄瓜经过氟唑活化酯诱导不接种处理、诱导接种处理、接种对照处理和清水对照处理,不同处理后发现,黄瓜诱导接种处理后在一定时间内可使PAL、PPO、POD的活性增加,使黄瓜叶片内MDA的含量低于对照。氟唑活化酯无论接种与否,都能诱导黄瓜叶片内PAL、PPO、POD活性的增加,并能降低MDA的含量,诱导接种处理与接种对照说明接种病原菌可在一定时间内时PAL、PPO、POD活性增加更加明显以及使MDA得含量降低更加明显。说明氟唑活化酯可通过提高植物体内的防御酶的活性以及降低MAD的含量,从而使黄瓜增强抗病能力。明确了氟唑活化酯的安全性。氟唑活化酯以有效成分15、25和50 mg/L的剂量喷雾和灌根处理,对黄瓜苗期的株高、节间距、鲜重和干重均有不同程度的抑制作用;以有效成分15、25 mg/L的剂量喷雾或灌根处理,对黄瓜苗期茎粗和根冠比有促进作用,但50 mg/L的剂量处理则对茎粗和根冠比表现出抑制作用。试验表明,氟唑活化酯对黄瓜猝倒病有较好的诱导抗病作用,并对黄瓜苗期的生理指标有一定影响。
[Abstract]:Effective prevention and control of disease is an important part of plant protection research. On the premise of sustainable development of agriculture, it is a promising method to induce resistance by inducer induction treatment, which makes plant system acquired resistance. Soil borne disease is always a difficult problem to restrict the agricultural development of our country, for our land borne diseases seriously and no simple effective way to control problems, a new type of resistance in this paper with independent intellectual property rights of the inducer of fluconazole activated ester (2,2,2- three and [1,2,3] two fluoride ethyl benzene thiophene -7- triazole ester, FBT) as the research object to explore the application of technology of fluorine activated ester induced plant resistance soil borne diseases, the activated ester poison media technique of fluconazole in vitro activity, study the application technology of application of pot culture method, through the activation of fluconazole ester induced cucumber peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content changes on the induction of resistance mechanism, and explored with cucumber as the safety of fluoride was activated ester material, the main results are as follows: clear fluconazole active ester In vitro and living activity. 5% fluconazole activated ester EC no bactericidal activity in vitro, the active ingredients in 15 mg/L and 25 mg/L concentration, 5% fluconazole activation control effect of EC on the ester rice seedling rice rhizoctoniarot blight, cucumber damp-off, cucumber Damping off corn sheath bligh3 corn sheath blight disease were 31.88% ~ 61.91%, 56.52% ~ 88.71% and 39.08% ~ 63.22%. The experiment showed that the plant resistance was induced by the spray of fluazolate, and the method of foliar application was an effective way to prevent and control disease. The application technology of fluorazole activated ester was clarified. Pot experiments showed that 5% fluorazol activated ester emulsifiable concentrate had the best resistance to plant induction at 25 mg/L concentration for 7 times and 7 d for 3 times. The results showed that the effective period was 15 d. The resistance mechanism of fluorazole activated ester was clarified. Cucumber after fluconazole induced by active ester without inoculation and inducing inoculation treatment, inoculation control treatment and water control treatment, different treatment showed that cucumber induced after the inoculation in a certain period of time can make PAL, PPO, POD activity increased, the content of cucumber leaves in MDA was lower than control. Fluconazole activated ester whether inoculation or not, can increase cucumber leaves by PAL, PPO, POD activity, and can reduce the content of MDA, inducing inoculation and inoculation of pathogens can be controlled in a certain period of time when PAL, PPO, POD activity increased more obviously and the MDA content significantly decreased. The results showed that the active ester of fluorazole could increase the activity of defense enzymes in plants and reduce the content of MAD, thus enhancing the resistance of cucumber to disease. The safety of fluorazole activated ester was clarified. Fluconazole dose spray activated ester of 15 effective components of 25 and 50 mg/L and root irrigation treatment on cucumber seedling height, internode length, fresh weight and dry weight have different degrees of inhibition; in a dose of 15 effective components, 25 mg/L spraying or pouring root treatment on the cucumber seedling and stem diameter the root shoot ratio of the role, but the dose 50 mg/L of stem diameter and root shoot ratio showed inhibition. The test showed that fluconazole activated ester has good effect on induced resistance of cucumber Damping off disease, and has a certain effect on the cucumber seedling physiological indexes.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S482

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